A Research On New Media Orality

The discourse system built upon media has been deeply influencing the political,economic and cultural systems of today’s society.The change of discourse system comes along with the change of people’ thinking and public attitudes.In fact,today’s media with its discourse system has long been shaping the whole society’s distributions of all kinds of resources.As people are becoming more and more close with the surging trend of new media,orality starts to play a more and more important role in daily life.The development of technology has advanced people’s physical reach from a geographical point of view,which results in the increase of orality use;While at the same time,online mobile communication has paved the way for orality into every perceptive of social life,even to the entire society.With all the above factors,orality research of course has been drawing more and more attention.Orality,both primary and secondary,has all been imbued with people’ thinking and exhibits their life style.Therefore new media orality demands its academic attentions as it is significantly changing people’s daily communications and thinkings.This thesis focuses on "orality of new media",which is built on McLuhan’s core theory "the medium is the message",trying to provide a new perspective to research on today’s complicated media discourses.The research of new media orality,sees discourse itself as a research object,a being-constructed existence.This article has been built upon multiple academic grounds:communications,critical linguistics,and ideology etc.The thesis consists of five parts:Introduction briefs the background of the topic,literature review and research methods.Chapter One provides multi-layer-definitions and analyses for key terms and concepts used in the article in addition to an introduction of both domestic and international usage of new media discourses.Chapter Two explores the background of new media orality from the perspectives of media ecology,historical materialism and literary ideology,including the background of oral communication and expressions.Chapter Three keys on theoretical explanations for new media orality,based on oral formulaic theory,applied linguistic theory and literary ideology theory,comprising of causes and creation of as well as linguistic and ideological analyses for oral communications.The following chapter explores the ideology of new media communication and summarizes its unique qualities based on new media literary communications and ideological communications.Introduction mainly focuses on the background and academic necessities underlying the topic,in addition to a brief review of related academic results.It also touches on the research question and methods,defining the relation between new media orality,orality,media and critical linguistics in the article.The topic of this thesis responds to the challenges raised by the increasing new media orality against critical literature study,providing a media and culture interdisciplinary research perspective.With a thorough literature review,a continuous academic attentions on new media orality have been identified within the discipline of media ecology though without a confirmation of an appropriate theory or an academic theoretical ground used.Most of the academic fruits at this stage have been confined within media theory or one single theory(such as oral formulaic theory).This thesis provides a new interdisciplinary perceptive to new media orality research,setting tis roots in the researches of epics,media ecology,mass communications,applied linguistics,and ideology etc.Chapter One provides multi-layer-definitions and analyses for key terms and concepts used in the article in addition to an introduction of both domestic and international usage of new media discourses.Firstly,it defines new media for this article and differs "media" from "medium" both from its meanings and academic usages.With definition,Chapter One lists English-Chinese translations,linguistic meanings,communication usages and philosophical definitions for both media and medium.It also attributes "we media" and "new media" accordingly.Secondly,Chapter One introduces Ong’s two key concepts,"primary orality" and "secondary orality",both of which sets the foundation for the media discourse research in the thesis.It has also tried to apply "primary orality" into the research of oral epic literature,which serves as the foundation for "oral formulaic" explorations.Thirdly,Chapter One details "orality" into three layers,including the orality of text,orality of discourse forms and orality of written communications.Finally,it analyzes on the use of social media within China and its development via report cited.According to the report,as social media is becoming more and more trending,orality has become the main research object of new media discourse analysis.Chapter Two explores the background of new media orality from the perspectives of media ecology,historical materialism and literary ideology,including the background of oral communication and expressions.Retribalization cheers for the change of media discourse.As.people’s perceiving being reconstructed,people start adopting new words and advanced verbal vocabulary to convey and express themselves.As a result,new media has been reoriented to orality.The new media orality later justifies its idealogical existence as it caters to the emerging individualism and human rights thinking.In other words,new media orality bases itself in today’s society and the modern ideology has provided theoretical founding for new media orality.Lastly Chapter Two explores orality from acoustical nature as acoustics serving as the vehicle and platform of orality.Later the article takes the art show"transparent sound" for example,exhibiting the reconstruction and future trend as new media technology influences acoustics:As texts dissolving in acoustics,people can and only can communication to each other via acoustics,which naturally would redefine time and space for our human beings.Chapter Three keys on theoretical explanations for new media orality,based on oral formulaic theory,applied linguistic theory and literary ideology theory,comprising of causes and creation of as well as linguistic and ideological analyses for oral communications.First of all,the conjunction of "memory" in oral formulaic theory and "memetic" of linguistics is deemed as the contributive factor of orality in this article.Meme replication is the power of language transitions in the Linguistics discipline while memory is the engine within the research of orality.Memory of orality is identified as similar to meme replication.It is believed that new media orality stirs the knowledge possessed in people’s mind and it has been replicated again and again via the oral expressions of the knowledge.Secondly,the formula of oral formulaic theory has been performed as the rule of oral creation.As a relatively mature theory,the formula process exhibits itself through specific sentence structures and grammars used in several existing oral speakings.Wong’s research combining primary orality and secondary orality has opened a door for all following researchers.He coined the formula,formula factors,essentials to explore the unique qualities of secondary orality,which are seen as the key factors in oral formulaic theory.Thirdly,the analyses of new media orality confirms the modern linguistic factors of oral formulaic theory such as expressions such as "take XX to trending topics",abbreviations,cross-line conversations and IRC conversations.Oral formulaic theory serves as the key theoretical foundation for this article,which also sets a strong foundation for all future researches focused on "secondary orality".Lastly,one of the key qualities of orality is its ideology as all literature imbues its own ideology.This article treats ideology as a theoretical foundation to explore the ideologies of literature and communications,including average ideology inquiry,literary ideology and the education and influence of the ideology associated with literary communications.Chapter Four explores the ideology of new media communication and summarizes its unique qualities based on new media literary communications and ideological communications.This thesis defers new media communications to traditional mass communications through several qualities:the openness,emotions,interactions,flatness,civilizations and restrictions from an ideology point of view.Openness is they factor sets new and traditional media communications apart which connects production and consuming at the same time overriding the existence of production/consuming and publishing/receiving as counterparts within traditional media communication.Emotion and interactions are sub-qualities of orality.Flatness and civilizations extinct the "gatekeeper" role of media.In addition,while new media being governed by ideology,the communication of ideology has been confined to the qualities of new media.With the trend of communication technology advancement and orality,communications of modern ideology has entered into a new era with five uniqueness:Openness,emotion,two-way,equalization and restrictions.Tensions existing among various ideologies have been becoming severe because of the openness and emotions.Ideology commutations ceases the top-down instillations and adopts the two-way interaction mode.It turns out to be led by civilians while the uncontrolledness and illusions of new media has also been casted into ideology communications.Finally,analyses have been conducted based on the observations of new media ideology both in Western new media economy and both China’s new and traditional media ecology.The conclusion part responds to the doubts of the return of orality and expresses the expectations for future development of orality.As media has been becoming everywhere in people’s life,the scope of media research would definitely been expanded day by day.All the new media platforms need to be included in future orality researchers.The build-up of oral communication discipline merits a tremendous importance of fulfilling the communication subject and solving problems within media ecology.