The Homestay Operators’ Work Value,Emotional Labor And Sense Of Acquisition

Homestay is a kind of “warm accommodation and life experience with soul”.It has become an important accommodation product in the new era of mass tourism,which has become an important accommodation product that meets the needs of an increasingly better life of the people and has attracted extensive public attention.Scholars have relatively lagged in studies about homestay operators,which are viewed as the “soul” and “core” of the homestays.The operators’ work value,emotional labor and sense of acquisition are important variables in the operation process of the homestay,influencing the kindly development of the homestay.A systematic and in-depth study of the homestay operators’ work value,emotional labor and sense of acquisition will help to grasp the key elements of the development of homestay,which provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the management and kindly development of the homestay.The main purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the work value,emotional labor and sense of acquisition of the homestay operators.This study is conducted around three questions: What,is to study the definition of the concept of variables,identify the essential attributes of variables;Why,is to theoretically analyze and study the relationship between research variables and the mediating effect and influence mechanism between variables;How,is to verify the interrelationship between research variables and the impact of mediating effect,and explore the improvement path of the homestay operators’ sense of acquisition.The specific research process is constructed according to the logical train of thought of “ issue analysis-literature analysis-theoretical analysis-empirical analysis-strategy analysis”.The main contents of this research include:Firstly,the issue analysis(chapter 1): introduction and problem presentation.Based on the analysis of demand background,supply background,policy background and theoretical background,this paper takes the homestay operators as the research object,focusing on and studying the critical factors that affect the development of homestay,such as the homestay operator’s work values,emotional labor and sense of acquisition.Secondly,literature analysis(Chapter 2): literature review and theoretical basis.In order to look for the breakthrough and entry point of the research,this paper collected and read relevant research literature at home and abroad,and systematically sorted out the relevant research results of work values,emotional labor and sense of acquisition.At the same time,the relevant basic theories are reviewed and sorted out to lay a theoretical foundation for the development of this study.Thirdly,theoretical analysis(chapter 3,4 and 5).It mainly analyzes the connotation and structural dimension of core variables.Through the in-depth interview data and network-assisted data collection of the homestay operators,a systematic theoretical study on their work values,emotional labor and sense of acquisition was conducted,so as to explore their business motivations,connotation and structural dimensions of work value;analyze the connotation,structural dimension,behavioral performance,formation motivation and effect of emotional labor;analyze the connotation and structural dimension of the operators’ sense of acquisition and its formation mechanism.Fourthly(Chapter 6),empirical analysis.Using 662 valid questionnaire data to measure the relationship among the work values,emotional labor and sense of acquisition of the homestay operators,empirically analyze and test the relationship between work value and emotional labor on operators’ sense of acquisition.Fifthly,strategy analysis(Chapter 7).On the basis of summing up the connotation and dimension of the three variables of work value,emotional labor and sense of acquisition,and the influence of the work value of the homestay operators on emotional labor and sense of acquisition,it is pointed out how the homestay operators can provide emotional labor.The strategy of improving the sense of acquisition,providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for the management of the homestay operators and the kindly development of the homestay industry.The main conclusions of this study are summarized as follows:(1)Work values are the multi-motivation performance of the homestay operators: the business motives of the homestay operators are mainly divided into three categories: interest-oriented motivation,lifestyle motivation and entrepreneurial development motivation;business motivation is an important representation of the professional values of the homestay operators.Moreover,the professional values of the homestay operators are composed of three dimensions: profit-oriented values,lifestyle values and entrepreneurial development values.(2)Emotional labor of homestay operators involves multiple processes,multiple behaviors,multiple factors,and multiple effects: the emotional labor of the homestay operators can be divided into three stages: the early,middle and final stages of emotional labor.The interactive ritual process of interaction preparation,interaction process and interaction result in the interaction between host and guest;the emotional labor of the housekeeper is divided into two categories: functional emotional labor and social emotional labor,including emotional expression behavior around specific service content.And a variety of behavioral expressions such as increasing communication and enhancing interpersonal relationship;the emotional labor of the homestay operators is the result of internal and external factors;the emotional labor of the homestay operators will produce “enhance customer trust” and “enhance the sense of belonging of customers,"strengthen the willingness to refactor",and "promote word of mouth publicity" and other multiple influences;(3)The sense of acquisition of homestay operators has a multi-dimensional and twin formation mechanism: the acquisition of the property of the homestay includes three dimensions: material acquisition,emotional acquisition and spiritual acquisition;the formation mechanism of the homestay operators’ perception is “external context-driven”.The formation mechanism of type-the formation mechanism of "exogenous mechanism" and "intrinsic demand consciousness"-the interaction of the "endogenous mechanism" twin mechanism.(4)There are significant differences in the strengths of the work value,emotional labor and the sense of acquisition of the homestay operators,which are manifested in the following aspects: lifestyle values are the mainstream work value of the homestay operators,the deep expression behavior is the main part of the emotional labor of the homestay operators and the homestay operators gain more emotional feelings.(5)The work value of the homestay operators has a significant positive effect on emotional labor.The specific influences are: profit-oriented values have a positive impact on the surface expression behavior,and have no significant effect on the natural expression behavior and deep expression behavior;Type values have a positive impact on natural expression behavior and deep expression behavior,and have negative effects on surface expression behaviors;entrepreneurial development values have a positive impact on natural expression behavior and deep expression behavior,and have no significant effect on surface expression behavior.(6)The work value of homestay operators has a significant positive impact on the sense of acquisition.The specific impacts are: the profit-oriented values have no significant impact on the material acquisition,emotional acquisition and spiritual acquisition of homestay operators;The influence of mode-type values on material acquisition is not significant,and it has a positive impact on emotional acquisition and spiritual acquisition;entrepreneurial developmental values have a positive impact on material acquisition and spiritual acquisition,and have no significant effect on emotional acquisition;(7)Emotional labor of the homestay operators has a significant positive impact on the sense of acquisition.The specific impact is that the natural expression behavior of emotional labor has a positive impact on material acquisition,emotional acquisition and spiritual acquisition;the surface expression of emotional labor Behavior has a negative impact on material acquisition and emotional acquisition,and has no significant effect on spiritual acquisition.The deep expression behavior of emotional labor has no significant effect on material acquisition,and has positive influence on emotional acquisition and spiritual acquisition.(8)Emotional labor plays a part in mediating the influence of professional values on the perception of the homestay operators.That is,work values can directly affect the sense of acquisition of the homestay operators,and can also affect the sense of acquisition by affecting emotional labor.The mediating role of emotional labor is to influence the process of work values and the feelings of the homestay operators through the three dimensions of emotional expression,surface expression behavior and deep expression behavior.Based on the above conclusions,this study proposes corresponding management recommendations for the homestay.Firstly,the individual level of the homestay operators:1)reasonable adjustment of professional values;2)sincere giving,advocating the provision of emotional labor through natural expression and deep expression;3)adopt correct and effective emotional labor mode in different stages;4)set expectations and comprehensively improve multiple sense of acquisition;5)female managers should balance the relationship between “business” and “housework”;Secondly,at the industry and government level: 1)Improve and improve various rules and regulations,encourage and support the development of B&B;2)Provide financial and financial support for the operation of the hotel;3)Support the establishment of the homestay Industry Association.The main contributions of this study include: firstly,this study conducted an in-depth analysis of the work value,emotional labor and sense of acquisition of the homestay operators,clarified the connotation and dimensions of the three core concepts,and established a measurement system of the three core concepts;Secondly,the focus is on the sense of acquisition of the homestay operators who have been studied nearly blanks.Then systematically and deeply explored the connotation,structural dimension,influencing factors and formation mechanism of the operators’ sense of acquisition,and analyzed the influence of work value on the homestay operators,and expanded and enriched the relevant research on the theory of “sense of acquisition”;Thirdly,this study explored and verified the formation mechanism of the sense of acquisition of the homestay operators,revealed the influence mechanism of work value,emotional labor on the sense of acquisition of homestay operators,and expanded and deepened relevant studies on the theory of homestay operators.Fourthly,based on the relationship between the work value,emotional labor and sense of acquisition,this study constructed a strategic system to enhance the sense of acquisition of the homestay operators,which has a strong practical guiding significance for the high-quality development of the homestay operators.