Theoretical And Empirical Study On The Employment Quality Of China's Floating Population And Its Influencing Factors

China's economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage.In line with this,the focus of the labor market will gradually shift from employment rate to employment quality.The floating population is an indispensable and important force in China's economic and social development.The quality of employment has been relatively low for many years.There are widespread problems such as low wages,high labor intensity,poor working environment,and insufficient space for social security and professional development.The government strives to improve the quality of employment of the migrant population.It is conducive to stimulating the enthusiasm of workers,followed by optimizing the allocation of labor resources,in addition to improving labor productivity and social innovation capabilities,and at the same time accelerating the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.At the same time,the long-term exploration of the academic community in the field of "migration of population" has formed a relatively complete basic theoretical framework.Although there are still some controversies about the study of employment quality from the perspectives of employment discrimination,income difference,employment security and social security,but it is enough to support the construction of a core indicator system for the quality of employment.Focusing on the factors affecting the quality of employment,most of the existing literatures are divided into individual,family and social factors.The systematic and holistic research from the micro perspective is still insufficient.Based on the above background,this paper proposes a new proposition to study the factors affecting the employment quality of migrant population.Focusing on the research purpose,this paper has done the following major research work to fully reflect the Change in the situation:the employment theory from the focus on the total employment transition to the employment structure analysis,and gradually to the study in the quality of employment.(1)The construction of the employment quality indicator system for floating population.Comprehensively analyze domestic and foreign evaluation indicators of employment quality and employment characteristics of floating population,the article constructs an employment quality indicator system from four perspectives:labor remuneration,working time,social security and labor relations.This system can simultaneously reflect theoretical rationality and realistic operability.Using this indicator system to measure the employment quality of China's floating population in 2010-2017,the results show that although the data has improved,the overall performance level is still not high,and the employment quality level and improvement of different segments are different.Among them,the employment quality of employees with different employment status is higher than that of self-employed groups.The employment quality of employers in self-employed groups is higher than that of self-employed workers;the employment quality of female migrants is slightly higher than that of males;The quality is significantly higher than that of the agricultural population;the employment quality of the floating population of different industries and occupations is quite different,and the quality of employment of management technicians is the highest.(2)An in-depth interpretation of the mechanism of the influence factors of the employment quality of floating population according to the triple identity attribute.Based on the triple identity attributes of natural persons,family members and members of society,the cross-regional employment of the floating population is at the three levels of the biological layer,the survival layer and the ecological layer,thus constructing a theoretical framework.This framework divides the factors affecting the quality of employment of migrants into three parts:individual factors,family factors and social factors.In addition,each factor set includes multiple sub-factors,and there are differences in the mechanisms by which each factor affects the quality of migrant employment.Individual factors often focus on employment problems,when young people are looking for work,due to lack of experience or sometimes suffering from gender-like discrimination;Family factors put the floating population in the life cycle of employment.Marriage and family members will let them carry family responsibilities to establish their own floating goals.The social factors will inevitably produce a kind of capital accumulation effect.Whether it is the frequency and distance of the flow or the ability of the social resources to mobilize,it affects the experience value and convenience of the floating population when they are looking for work.(3)The empirical test based on the above-mentioned theoretical model and the data from the 2016 China Migrants Dynamic Survey Survey show that the effects of various factors on the overall employment quality of the floating population are intertwined.There are linear positive effects brought about by factors such as education level,party membership,and urban household registration,as well as linear negative effects caused by factors such as family moving and flow times.In addition,there is a U-shaped effect of rising first and then falling due to age,and the uncertainty caused by marital status.The results of quantize regression further increase the complexity of various factors in different levels of employment quality.With the improvement of the quality of employment,the influence of education level and type of household registration is weakening,while in the low employment quality level,the phenomenon that men are not as good as women has reversed.That is,in the high-quality employment hierarchy,the quality of men's employment exceeds that of women.Further empirical analysis of the divided groups shows that there are some differences in the factors affecting the employment quality of employees,employers and self-employed workers.Among the employee groups,the educational level,party membership and family factors(first marriage status,family income and expenditure)and social factors(flow time,non-agricultural households)in the individual factors play a positive role.However,factors such as cohabitation,family members' movements,and number of flows have become resistance;for the self-employed workers group,the effect of age is a monotonous increasing function.Party membership,family expenditure,and moving with children will improve their employment quality.The factors of Han identity,remarriage,cohabitation,non-agricultural households and the number of flows have a negative impact on the quality of employment.In addition,the impact of the level of education on the quality of employment is relatively insignificant.In the employer group,the age turning point is later than the employee's,the education level(above the junior college),the party membership and the family expenditure all have positive effects on the quality of employment.However,the identity of the Han nationality,the accompanying movements of spouses and the increase in the number of flows have created opposing obstacles.Based on the analysis of the influence intensity and contribution rate of each factor by Shapley decomposition,it is found that the education level and family expenditure are the most important factors contributing to the employment quality of migrant employees.Then age,household expenditure and the frequency of migration have a greater contribution to the employment quality of migrant self-employment workers.The most important factors for migrant employers' are family expenditure,college education and age.The innovation of this paper is embodied in exploring the micro-perspective to analyze the mass employment quality of the floating population in China,tentatively constructing the evaluation index system of the mass employment quality of the floating population,systematically sorting out the research work on the mass employment quality,and comprehensively and systematically investigating the changing characteristics of the mass employment quality of the floating population.On the basis of theoretical analysis,this paper constructs an empirical model and conducts an empirical test on the influencing factors of the employment quality of the floating population in China from different perspectives by using various methods,which provides ideas and framework for the follow-up systematic research on the mass employment quality.