An Analysis Of The Employment Quality Of Chinese Floating Population And Its Influencing Factors

The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly emphasized on enhance the security and improve the people's livelihood,and achieve higher quality employment.The floating population is also a group that has an important influence in China's job market.In the future,as the urbanization process continues to accelerate,the floating population will still have a larger scale.With the implementation of a series of government active employment policies,China's floating population has made great achievements in the number and scale of employment.However,there are still problems such as low wage levels,high labor intensity,and insufficient labor security and career development space.This has resulted in low overall employment quality of China's floating population.Improving the employment quality of floating population in China and achieving higher quality employment can not only stimulate the enthusiasm of floating population work,improve production efficiency and innovation,but also accelerate the upgrading of China's industrial structure and economic structure,accelerate urbanization,and increase the happiness of floating population.Based on the dynamic monitoring data of the floating population in 2017,Firstly,the paper makes descriptive statistics on the basic characteristics and employment situation of the floating population by using the cross table.Secondly,on the basis of consulting relevant contents and literatures,it constructs the employment quality index system of the floating population in China from four dimensions of labor remuneration,labor security,labor intensity and job nature,sets up secondary indexes under each dimension,and gives weight to each secondary index by using the principal component analysis method in spss18.0.Then,the OLS model in stata15.0 is used to make an empirical analysis with the sub-factors included in the individual,society and mobility characteristics of the floating population as independent variables and the employment quality of the constructed floating population as dependent variables.The results show that gender,age and political outlook inindividual characteristics have significant effects on the employment quality of floating population.Specifically,the employment quality of male floating population is significantly lower than that of female.The influence of age on the employment quality of the floating population is significant and presents an inverted U-shaped feature,that is,with the increase of the floating population's age,the employment quality tends to rise first and then decline.The political outlook of the floating population also has a significant impact on the quality of employment.The quality of employment of Party members is higher than that of non-Party members.The education level,marital status and the people accompanying the migrants in the social characteristics have a significant impact on the employment quality of the floating population.Specifically,the higher the education level,the higher the employment quality of the floating population;Non-agricultural household registration has higher employment quality than rural household registration;Marital status has a significant impact on the employment quality of floating population,with the first marriage having the highest employment quality.The situation of migrant workers has a significant impact on the employment quality of the floating population.Compared with the situation of migrant workers alone,the impact of family mobility on the employment quality is significantly reduced.Among the floating characteristics,the floating range,floating reasons,floating population's willingness to stay and integration have a significant impact on the employment quality of floating population.Specifically,the larger the range of mobility,the higher the employment quality of the floating population;Compared with work,the quality of employment for other reasons of mobility is significantly reduced.The floating population has a strong desire to stay.Better integration can significantly improve the quality of employment.Finally,according to the conclusions and analyses,the paper puts forward effective measures to improve the employment quality of floating population from the perspectives of government,enterprises and individuals.