Research On The Coercive Effect And Mechanism Of Tourism Development On Rural Culture

As a concentrated embodiment of a country or a nation’s spiritual strength,culture’s strategic position has become increasingly prominent with the change of the focus of international competition.Under the background of rapid urbanization,China’s culture,especially the rural culture,has been changing.The 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has pushed the upsurge of constructing a socialist cultural power to a new height of the age,and put forward the strategy of rural revitalization in due time.Following the tide of the times,how to protect and inherit the excellent rural traditional culture while the rural economic development and infrastructure improvement has become an important scientific problem need to be solved urgently in the process of rural revitalization in China.As an important driving force of rural revitalization,rural tourism is one of the effective ways to inherit and revive rural culture.However,the rapid development of rural tourism in China has not only brought about the revitalization of rural economy and the reduction of urban-rural gap,but also led to many practical problems,such as man-made damage,gradual decline and even partial disappearance of rural culture.In the new era,the rural revitalization is inseparable from the cultural revitalization.The demand for the integrated development of culture and tourism also requires us to clarify the relationship between rural tourism and rural culture.With the trend of cultural turn in international human geography,it has become an urgent issue to turn the study of cultural space to the study of spatial culture,and analyze the phenomenon of rural cultural decline from the perspective of cultural stress under the background of rural cultural protection and sustainable development of rural tourism.Under the above realistic and theoretical backgrounds,the research idea of "stress effect measurement-stress symptom revelation-stress mechanism discoveryusing model extraction" is designed.Then,three villages of Luxiang,Wengxiang and Yangwan in Dongshan town of Suzhou are taken as the research objects,which are in different stages of rural tourism development.By using the qualitative and quantitative methods,including literature retrieval,data acquisition,participatory observation,film anthropology photography,semi-structured interview,questionnaire sampling survey,mathematical model construction,GIS spatial analysis and so on,this paper establishes the theoretical model and framework system for stress study of tourism development to rural culture,explores the stress effect,spatio-temporal symptoms and stress mechanism of tourism development on rural culture,as well as the response of rural tourism to rural cultural stress.The results show that:(1)The theoretical model and research framework for stress study of tourism development to rural culture are constructed.Based on a systematic review of research progress and theoretical basis at home and abroad,and the definition of rural cultural stress and other related concepts,this paper puts forward a stress model of tourism development to rural culture including alerting stage,resisting stage and exhausting stage by applying the theory of stress ecology to the study of human-environment relationship in rural tourism.This model expands the cultural impact from the social dimension to the space-time dimension.Then,this paper construct the theoretical framework and its content system of studying the stress of tourism development to rural culture,which coving three dimensions of society,time and space.This realized the quantitative and spatio-temporal expression of rural cultural stress.(2)The stress effect and its spatio-temporal symptoms of tourism development to rural culture are explored.(1)The rural culture in the case study area includes 26 concepts and 6 categories.The constructed stress scale of tourism development to rural culture consists of 23 items and 5 dimensions,namely,natural landscape cultural stress,settlement landscape cultural stress,production and life cultural stress,interpersonal communication cultural stress and spiritual ritual cultural stress.At present,the stressing state of rural cultural in Dongshan town is in the alerting stage.Specifically,the stressing states of settlement landscape culture,production and life culture,and interpersonal communication are relatively serious and in the resisting stage,while the stressing state of natural landscape culture and spiritual ritual culture are relatively less serious.The residents in three villages under cultural stress can be divided into four types: settlement landscape guardians,tourism development objectors,tourism development supporters and interpersonal communication optimists.(2)Rural cultural stress spaces are mostly distributed along the street and near the water,which are significant agglomeration in general and has obvious counteract tourism development.Among 5 dimensions of rural culture,the production and life culture is most vulnerable to the stress of tourism development and shows the symptoms of spatial stress.Rural cultural stress spaces has a core periphery model of multi-level distribution.With the improvement of tourism development,the degrees of spatial agglomeration are significantly improved.The spatial agglomeration characteristics of rural culture stress in 5 dimensions are quite different.The rural cultural stress spaces are significantly clustered in multi-scale ranges,and their scopes of agglomeration are obviously scale-dependent.The spatial evolution of cultural stress also has continuity and regularity,showing path dependence and locking effect.(3)The stress mechanism of tourism development to rural culture is found out,and the tourism sustainable utilization mode and strategy of rural culture are put forward.(1)The cultural stress mechanism of rural tourism areas can be explained from the individual and the overall level.At the individual level,the differences in social attributes and conceptual cognition would exert different stress on rural culture through the unconscious perception,behavior and practice of the individual,leading to its endogenous evolution in time and space.On the overall level,the development of rural communities,the disadvantages of tourism industry and the changes of rural population drive the change of rural cultural stress through the internal and external aspects,showing continuous and heterogeneous stress symptoms and evolution process on a certain time and space scale.According to the direction of force,the individual and overall stress factors can be further divided into blocking force and adjusting force,and rural culture will achieve phased development under the two forces.(2)According to the connotation and dimensions,cultural protection in rural tourism areas should adhere to the principles of originality,integrity,liveliness and sustainability.Starting from natural landscape,settlement landscape,production and life,interpersonal communication and spiritual ritual culture,this paper puts forward tourism sustainable utilization mode of rural culture,including restoration and conservation mode,activation and participation mode,fairness and guidance mode,independence and innovation mode,and body and ceremony mode.Finally,combining with Dongshan town,the paper proposes the tourism sustainable utilization strategy of rural culture,which can provide practical references for the healthy development of case areas and similar rural tourism areas in China.