A Study Of The Relevance Of Chinese Poetry In Late Silla And Early Goryeo Of South Korea And Chinese Literature

The late Silla and early Goryeo periods are a very important period for South Korea to learn from China in history,and also a real historical transition period for Chinese poetry in South Korea under the influence of Chinese culture.In this historical period,the new generation of poets staying in the Tang Dynasty,led by Cui Zhiyuan,Cui Chengyou,Cui Kuangyu,and Piao Renfan,and dominated by open cultural consciousness,actively absorbed the essence of Chinese literature,and played a pivotal role in the development of Chinese poetry in South Korea.The precious experience of studying abroad greatly enriched their themes of Chinese poetry creation,broadened the space and vision of Chinese poetry creation,which enabled them to achieve remarkable artistic achievements in artistic expression and other aspects.Until the military officials staged a coup in 1170,the poetic circles were dominated by them or their descendants.Chinese poetry in this period showed very similar characteristics in content,style,format,rhythm,form,style and other aspects,presenting new social trends and aesthetic pursuits.Chinese poetry in late Silla and early Goryeo became an important part of South Korean Chinese literature,which played a pivotal role in the real emergence and development of South Korean Chinese poetry.By combing Chinese poetry in late Silla and early Goryeo,and compared with Chinese poetry before the late Silla period,Chinese poetry in late Silla and early Goryeo made a qualitative leap in genre,artistic level and creative technique on the whole,making South Korean Chinese poetry enter a real track of development.The sporadic creation of Chinese poetry that once was centered on the aristocracy had also been replaced by Chinese poetry writers represented by new-generation writers such as Cui Zhiyuan and Cui Chengyou.It is not difficult to find that they almost had a common poetry style and were influenced by the poetry style in Tang Dynasty for a long time,from Cui Zhiyuan,the originator of Chinese poetry in the late Silla period to Zheng Zhichang in the early period of Goryeo.Although the poetry style was mainly based on the late Tang style,there also were early Tang styles with bright colors of the Six Dynasties,and the elegant style of the glorious age of Tang Dynasty.This style of writing continued until Jin Fushi,whose Chinese poetry gradually departed from the Tang poetry style with beauty of rhyme,but moved towards the Song poetry style with beauty of spirit.This fusion of Tang and Song poetry style also heralded the end of “pro-Tang” era and the beginning of “Mu Sung Huang” era for South Korean Chinese poetry.Therefore,this paper studies the Chinese poetry in late Silla and early Goryeo as a whole,and specifically explains its relevance to Chinese literature,and then clarifies its value and significance.It is focused on the relevance of Chinese poetry in late Silla and early Goryeo to Chinese literature in this paper based on a holistic view.Starting from the texts of more than a dozen representative poets including Cui Zhiyuan and Cui Kuangyu,the paper comprehensively uses source studies of social culture and comparative literature influence studies,communication studies,and aesthetics of reception,etc.,and adopts a combination of comprehensive analysis and case analysis,in order to find out the development tendency of mind,rationality and style of the author,and different threads of thought,emotion and art in the works from the microscopic perspective,and then further explain how the Chinese poetry in the late Silla and early Goryeo accepts and absorbs the essence of Chinese literature,to find out various kinds of correlations between the Chinese poetry in the late Silla and early Goryeo and Chinese literature at various kinds of stages with the new emotions and experiences which present new literary form of Chinese poetry and artistic life,and to determine its historical position in the history of Chinese poetry.To this end,this paper makes a systematic study from four aspects,namely,the relationship between China and Korea and the development and change of Chinese poetry,the relationship between the ideological consciousness of Chinese poetry and Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,the Chinese historical figures and allusions in Chinese poetry,the artistic expression of Chinese poetry and the poetics of Tang Dynasty in late Silla and early Goryeo.The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly expounds the significance and purpose of the research.The research scope and writing thoughts and methods of this paper are determined through combing and summarizing the present situation and features of the research at home and abroad and pointing out the problems existing and solutions.The second chapter is about the relationship between China and South Korea and the development and change of Chinese poetry in late Silla and early Goryeo.The social and historical culture,the inflow of Chinese culture,and the development and motivation of Chinese poetry in late Silla and early Goryeo are mainly analyzed.The relationship between China and South Korea in late Silla and early Goryeo in the complex and volatile situation in Northeast Asia,gradually resumed frequent exchanges after experiencing apathy and relaxation.With the introduction and spread of Chinese culture to the east,the rulers of late Silla and early Goryeo continued to imitate the Tang Dynasty,and implemented external reasons such as the imperial examination system and Chinese education as well as internal factors such as strengthening of kingship and lineage system in the society of late Silla and early Goryeo,which promoted and stimulated the rise of a large number of outstanding poets,injected new life into Chinese poetry and literature and promoted the development of Chinese poetry.The third chapter mainly analyzes the relationship between the thematic implication of Chinese poetry and Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism in late Silla and early Goryeo.Poets in late Silla and early Goryeo had not only the Confucian persistence to be be an official,and the Taoism's freedom of “cultivating personal character during retirement”,but also the Buddhist's integrate harmony of being reclusive.Under the influence of Confucian ideas of “loyalty and filial piety,faith,and courage”,and driven by open cultural consciousness and national consciousness,poets absorbed the Confucian spirit of actively entering the government and serving the people,so that noble character of patriotism and people-centered thought of worrying about the country and the people were revealed in the works of Chinese poetry.The desire of “cultivating one's morality,regulating one's family,governing the country,and making the world peaceful” and the cruel reality aroused the poets' sense of personality independence in the process of fierce collision,which showed the ideal state of humanistic feelings and unworldliness in the works of Chinese poetry.With gradual enlightenment of the Buddhism,the poets re-examined the value and meaning of life,and moved towards a high level of sublimation of life consciousness,so that a return to a pure and undisturbed original heart and an ethereal and quiet detached state of mind also appeared in the works of Chinese poetry.The fourth chapter focuses on the Chinese historical figures and allusions that appeared in Chinese poetry in late Silla and early Goryeo.It investigates various relevance of Chinese poetry to Chinese literature from microscopic perspective,specifically including the Chinese historical figures such as emperors,generals and ministers,and men of literature and writing,literary quotations,poems and verses and ornate languages of Chinese writers that quoted in poetry,and finds relevant contents to Chinese culture and factors of Chinese culture even from the resource of certain sentence and word in certain work,to interpret its role and significance in the overall poetry,and reveal multilevel relationship between Chinese poetry in late Silla and early Goryeo and Chinese literature from many aspects.The fifth chapter emphasizes the relevance of the artistic expression of Chinese poetry in late Silla and early Goryeo to the poetics of Tang Dynasty,which discusses and analyzes the acceptance and reference of Chinese poetry in late Silla and early Goryeo to the literature in Tang Dynasty from 3 perspectives namely aesthetic imagery,artistic conception aesthetics and artistic characteristics.This paper specifically discusses the related factors between Chinese poetry and poem style in early Tang Dynasty,sound of the flourishing Tang Dynasty and the poem style in late Tang Dynasty based on the appreciation and taste;clearly expresses that Chinese poetry in late Silla and early Goryeo originated from the poetry of the Tang Dynasty based on the beauty of artistic conception,beauty of image and beauty of ornate language;further understands the ideas and writing styles of poets in late Silla and early Goryeo after they were influenced by the poetics and social atmosphere in Tang Dynasty based on governing and integrated perspective,so as to tap into their new aesthetic needs and make Chinese poetry show its artistic style with unique charm.This paper,as the first integrated,comprehensive,systematic and comprehensive study of Chinese poetry in late Silla and early Goryeo,has pioneering significance under the circumstance that the overall research in this period is very rare.Through the overall study of Chinese poetry in late Silla and early Goryeo,it makes some basic contributions to the determination of its status and historical significance in the history of South Korean Chinese literature.Meanwhile,it provides certain help for better sorting out the history of South Korean Chinese literature in the future,and also provides historical nourishment for the literary exchanges and spiritual civilization construction between China and South Korea.