| In the period of the Republic of China,because of the diversification and instability of social pattern,the fierce confliction between the Chinese and Western culture,the publication of a large number of rare resources,and the dual requirements of artistry and practicability,the Zhangcaoshu appeared again and grew ever more prosperous after several hundred years.During this period,the Zhangcaoshu of Beijing-Tianjin Area reached a new height of art,which was considered as the goal for Chinese character reformation and the expectation for powers construction by those scholars.In the meantime,Zhangcaoshu was attracted by its artistry and practicability.The research group of the “Haipai” calligraphy was developed as a considerable size.However,the “Jingpai” calligraphy,as its opposite side,had been paid little attention,especially for Zhangcaoshu.That is the reason for which the topic of this paper is the Zhangcaoshu.This paper will be more focus on the analysis of prosperity causes,state of development,artistic achievement,practical characteristics and the failure reasons,which can offset the lack of the research on Zhangcaoshu.At the beginning,this paper starts from the analysis of social background of Beijing and Tianjin at the period of the Republic of China,and explores the political,economic,cultural and other aspects of the Zhangcao "integration" phenomenon.Then,this paper analysis the history and development of Zhangcaoshu in the Beijing-Tianjin area.Later,this paper also analysis the support forces of the Zhangcaoshu in these two areas,the activities of his main members,the support of the inheritance officials and people,and the implicit Zhangcao phenomenon in the associations.Furthermore,the most important part of this paper focuses on the unique status and achievements of Zhangcaoshu in the Beijing-Tianjin region,including the artistic aspect and the practical aspect.On the one hand,the artistic characteristic was featured on the "Haipai",such as Shen Cengzhi.On the other hand,it was restricted by the local cultural environments,such as the containment of Guangeti,the rigorous style of study constraints,the reformation of the Chinese character,and the attraction of bamboo slips and other rare resources,which created the unique Zhangcaoshu style in Beijing-Tianjin area together.Based on the Han-Jin cursive style inscriptions and the engraved Zhangcao posts,the calligraphers combined their own preferences with other calligraphers’ writings and rubbings into a new multiple coexist situation.After Han-Jin Dynasty,Zhangcaoshu was given a new practical mission again during the period of the Republic of China,which was made of the major features of Zhangcaoshu in Beijing-Tianjin Area.Because of the effect of the concept of practical knowledge of managing state affairs,Dingmou Zhuo,Lin Zhijun et al.strongly encouraged Zhangcaoshu because of its practical functions,which were simple strokes,easy identification,writing convenience,art spirit and practical advantages,which attracted a lot of supporters.Even though Xuantong Qian,who was called "the abolition of Chinese characters",also began to study and research the Zhangcaoshu.The other Chinese characters’ reformers had expressed the recognition for Zhangcaoshu,too.With the development of the establishment of official institutions,effort of the scholars’ hardworking and the continuous promotion of several publications,the practical Zhangcaoshu appeared the situation of prosperity.However,because the Zhangcaoshu was not in accordance with the evolution of cursive writing stage,and it also contained the practical self-defects and the unclear standpoint for reformers on the artistic and cultural side which misleading the confusion the artistic and cultural function of the Zhangcaoshu,it disappeared again finally.In the end,this paper discusses the meaning of the research,the problems,and further questions of Zhangcaoshu with vertical and horizontal view.It also can be considered as a reference for the later researchers. |
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