The Relationship Between Psychosocial Factors And Physical And Mental Health And Work Attitudes Of Rural Health Workers

Objective: With the rapid economic and social development,people's demands for health services are increasing.The speed of development of health service capacity cannot meet people's needs.This contradiction has led to increasing psychosocial factors such as workplace violence and occupational stress,and increased occupational pressure on health personnel.Many occupational mental health and organizational behavior problems caused by the increased occupational pressure experienced by individuals have become an important occupational health problem that seriously damages the quality of life of the professional population and reduces their work performance.Health personnel in township health centers are direct providers of rural health services.Continuously improving the performance of health workers in township health centers and protecting their physical and mental health have become an irreconcilable contradiction,forming a dilemma.Since the rise of positive psychology and positive organizational behavior,positive psychological resources represented by psychological capital have become a solution to alleviate occupational pressure,protect physical and mental health,improve job satisfaction,and promote job input.Over the years,Professor Wang Lie's team has studied most variables in the fields of psychosocial factors,psychological capital,physical and mental health,and work attitude.On this basis,this article uses positive work attitude variables to represent work performance,and comprehensively discusses the mechanism and related factors of psychological capital among psychosocial factors and physical and mental health,work attitude and other variables.This will further enhance the effectiveness of positive psychological resources in explaining the dilemma between occupational population health protection and job performance improvement,and provide theoretical support for psychological capital development.Methods: 1.Subject selectioon.In January 2017,the township hospitals in Liaoning Province were taken as the sampling frame.Using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method,according to the geographical distribution of east,south,west,north,and center,this sudy randomly selected a city,and obtained Dandong,Dalian,Chaoyang,Tieling,and Shenyang.Then,another county was randomly selected in the selected city,and a group survey was conducted on all the health personnel of the township hospitals in the sample county.2.Research methods.This study used a cross-sectional survey method,and respondents filled out the questionnaire with informed consent.A total of 3000 questionnaires were distributed,and 2655 valid questionnaires were recovered.3.Measuring tools.Demographic data were measured using self-edited scales.Workplace violence,occupational stress,Perceived organization support,general health,job burnout,depressive symptoms,psychological capital,job satisfaction,Work engagement,cost awareness,fear of medical accidents,life satisfaction are all measured using international general scale.Statistical analysis : Spss20.0 software and amos17.0 software were used for statistical analysis of the data.One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)and T test were applied to study the difference between variable groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the variables of the study.Multiple stratified regression models was used to analyze the impact of psychological capital between variables.The deviation-corrected percentile bootstrap method tests the mediating effect and related factors of psychological capital.Amos17.0 software was used for path analysis,draw path maps respectively,and establish theoretical models.The multiple stepwise linear regression model was used to analyze and determine the related factors and the degree of influence of psychological capital and various dimensions.P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 1.The role of psychological capital between psychosocial factors and the physical and mental health of health workers in township health centersThe incidence of depression symptoms in township hospitals was 46.2%,among which doctors had a depression rate of 48.1%,and nurses had a depression rate of 44.5%.The average of emotional exhaustion of health workers in township health centers was 14.01;The average value of depersonalization is 4.22.The average reduced personal accomplishment of health personnel is 15.81;the general health(GHQ)score of health personnel in township health centers is 5.32,and the individual general health score is greater than 11 points,accounting for 12.7%.Psychological capital and various dimensions were negatively correlated with depression symptoms(p <0.01),negatively correlated with general health(GHQ)(p <0.01),and negatively correlated with various dimensions of job burnout(p <0.01).Workplace violence is positively correlated with depression symptoms,with general health(GHQ),and with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.The effort-reward ratio and overload of occupational stress are positively correlated with depression symptoms and positively related to general health(GHQ);theeffort-reward ratio is positively correlated with various dimensions of job burnout;overload is positively correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization,and reduced personal accomplishment is negatively correlated.Perceived organization support is negatively related to depression symptoms,negatively related to general health(GHQ),and negatively related to various dimensions of job burnout.Psychological capital plays a significant mediating effect between workplace violence,effort-reward ratio,Perceived organization support,and general health(GHQ).Psychological capital plays a significant mediating effect in workplace violence,effort-reward ratio,Perceived organization support and emotional exhaustion.Psychological capital plays a significant mediating effect in workplace violence,effort-reward ratio,Perceived organization support and depersonalization.Psychological capital plays a significant mediating effect between overload,Perceived organization support and low achievement.Psychological capital plays a significant role in mediating between workplace violence,effort-reward ratio,Perceived organization support and depression symptoms.The revised theoretical model fits well: ?2 / df = 0.775,GFI = 1,AGFI = 0.997,CFI =1,IFI = 1,RMSEA = 0,TLI = 1.001,RMR = 0.206.2.The role of psychological capital between psychosocial factors and the attitudes of health workers in township health centersThe average job satisfaction of health workers in township health centers is 72.16,of which the average job satisfaction of doctors is 72.45,and the average satisfaction of nurses is 70.99,which is higher than the average overall satisfaction of doctors in Liaoning,it is 63.38.The average Work engagement of health workers in township health centers is 72.82,of which the average Work engagement of doctors is 72.46,and the average Work engagement of nurses is 71.54,which is lower than the overall Work engagement level of health workers in township health centers.Psychological capital and various dimensions are positively correlated with job satisfaction,and are positively correlated with Work engagement and its dimensions.Workplace violence is negatively related to job satisfaction and negatively related to Work engagement and its dimensions.The effort-reward ratio and overload of occupational stress are negatively correlated with job satisfaction.The effort-reward ratio is negatively correlated with Work engagement and three dimensions.overload is positively correlated with Work engagement and its dimensions.Perceived organization support is positively correlated with job satisfaction,job engagement and three dimensions.Psychological capital plays a significant mediating effect in workplace violence,effort-reward ratio,Perceived organization support and job satisfaction.Psychological capital plays a significant mediating effect between workplace violence,effort-reward ratio,Perceived organization support and work engagement.Psychological capital plays a significant mediating effect between overload and Work engagement.The modified theoretical model fits well: ?2 / df = 0.172,GFI = 1,AGFI = 0.999,CFI = 1,IFI = 1,RMSEA = 0,TLI = 1.002,RMR = 0.035.3.Research on the related factors of psychological capital of health personnel in township health centersThe average psychological capital(standard deviation)of township hospitals is 107.94(15.77),the average psychological capital of doctors is 107.75,and the average psychological capital of nurses is 106.76,both lower than the overall psychological capital level.Psychological capital is positively correlated with Perceived organization support,life satisfaction,cost awareness,and overload,with statistical significance(p <0.01),negatively correlated with effort-reward ratio and workplace violence,with statistical significance(p <0.01).Conclusion: This study found that among the variables of physical and mental health of township hospitals,the incidence of depressive symptoms was 46.2%,the general health(GHQ)greater than 11 points accounted for 12.7%.The average emotional exhaustion was 14.01.The average depersonalization was 4.22,The average reduced personal accomplishment was 15.81.The average job satisfaction of health workers in township health centers is 72.16,and the average work input is 72.82.Demographic variables such as length of service,marital status,turnover tendency,night shift of health personnel in township health centers,as well as perceived organization support,life satisfaction,cost awareness,overload,workplace violence,fear of medical accidents,and effort-reward ratio are the main related factors of psychological capital.It proves that perceived organization support and psychological capital are important protective factors for physical and mental health and work attitude,and workplace violence and occupational stress are risk factors for physical and mental health and work attitude.Constructed a theoretical model in which psychological capital plays an mediatingrole between psychosocial factors,physical and mental health,and work attitude,respectively.Relying on the theory of positive psychological resources,it has put forward policy suggestions to vigorously develop and intervene in psychological capital.The development of psychological capital can not only protect the physical and mental health of employees,but also promote the formation of a positive work attitude;it is an important support for organizations to solve the dilemma of occupational health protection and performance improvement.The contribution of the antecedent variables obtained in this study to psychological capital is in order of organizational support,life satisfaction,cost awareness,overload,workplace violence,fear of medical accidents,and length of service.Hospital administrators should follow the order of contribution and take psychological capital investment as the starting point to cultivate cost awareness by building a supportive organizational environment;hospital groups should care about the lives of employees and improve life satisfaction;establish workplace prevention mechanism to help employees overcome medical fears and arrange work in moderate overload.Investing in psychological capital development can increase the psychological capital stock of health personnel,help alleviate occupational stress,and improve work performance.Particular attention is paid to employees of 15-24 years of service,employees who have a tendency to resign and often work on night shifts.Targeted enhancement of positive psychological capital is important to protect physical and mental health.