Knowledge Discovery Of Essential Hypertension Medical Records Based On Data Mining Technology

ObjectiveModern famous scholar Zhang Taiyan said:"The achievements of Chinese medicine,the medical records is the most." Chinese medicine medical records accumulated and summarized doctors' experience could reflect their clinical experience and academic characteristics.Past doctors attached great importance to the summary of the medical records and left the important reference material for the later generation.Studying medical records played a greater role in helping us to use it flexibly because we can obtain information on disease diagnosis,treatment,outcome,prognosis,especially for the application of drugs.For its high incidence,wide impact,unclear etiology and pathogenesis,long cycle of medication,essential hypertension have already put considerable inconvenience to the people' s work and life.There has accumulated a lot of experience in clinical diagnosis and treatment of essential hypertension in the motherland medicine,and left a large number of medical records with important reference value.Faced with a huge number of medical records,how to more easily,quickly and effectively extract its essence to improve clinical diagnosis and treatment level is a concern of every doctor.The purpose of this study is to collect a large number of modern medical records on essential hypertension,build a standardized knowledge database and analyze the database to discover tacit knowledge using the big data knowledge of the ancient and modern medical cloud platform system.It can help us to sum up experience and extract the essence,fully understand the comprehensive application characteristics of the diagnosis and treatment of essential hypertension under the guidance of TCM theory.MethodsThere are two main sources of data.The first one is to search the Chinese Journal Full-text Database(CNKI)and collect medical records on"hypertension","essential hypertension","headache",and "dizziness" from January 1979 to December 2018.The other is to search the China National Digital Library and collect medical books on "hypertension","essential hypertension","headache",and "dizziness".The original data collection was carried out according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The data was standardized to construct a database of essential hypertension.The data was imported into the ancient and modern medical case cloud platform system.Using frequency statistics,correlation analysis,hierarchical cluster analysis,and complex network analysis,the data was processed included the basic information of patients,symptoms and signs,TCM diagnostic syndromes,drugs,etc.ResultsA total of 1043 medical records were included.The results were as follows:The number of male and female patients was 591(57%)and 442(43%),respectively,with a ratio of 1.33:1.Among all age groups,the 50-59 age group had the most patients(33.24%of all patients),followed by the 60-69 age group and the 40-49 age group.The patients in the three age groups accounted for 79.5%of all patients.The high-frequency symptoms occurred in the essential hypertension medical records included mainly dizziness and headache.Secondary high-frequency symptoms occured were as follows.Giddiness,insomnia,upset,tinnitus,dry mouth,dreams,poor sleep,bitterness,head swelling,irritability,palpitations occurred in the medical records of Yang hyperactivity-syndrome.Insomnia,tinnitus,vertigo,dry mouth,upset,heart palpitations,dreams occurred in the medical records of Yin deficiency-syndrome.Chest swelling,fatigue,palpitations,normal urine,sleeplessness,numbness,vertigo,upset occurred in the medical records of Blood stasis-syndrome.Chest bloating,nausea,dazzling,poor appetite,upset,fatigue,obesity,numbness occurred in the medical records of Phlegm-syndrome.Upset,dry mouth,insomnia,vertigo,bitterness,head swelling,chest bloating,irritability,dreams occurred in the medical records of Fire-syndrome.Giddiness,insomnia,upset,limb numbness,head swelling occurred in the medical records of Wind-syndrome.Fatigue,chest swelling,poor appetite,palpitations,vertigo,shortness of breath occurred in the medical records of Qi deficiency-syndrome.Upset,bitterness,insomnia,dreams,chest swelling,palpitations,urgency,dry stool,poor sleep,dry mouth,head swelling,irritability,and poor appetite occurred in the medical records of Liver depression-syndrome.The high-frequency tongue conditions occurred were red,dark,pale,and corpulent.But in the medical records of Blood stasis-syndrome,Phlegm-syndrome and Qi deficiency-syndrome,dark tongue occurred more often than red tongue.The high-frequency tongue fur occurred were white,yellow,thin and greasy,while the most frequent occurrence was yellow in the medical records of Yang hyperactivity-syndrome,Yin deficiency-syndrome,Fire-syndrome,Wind-syndrome and Liver depression-syndrome,and greasy in the medical records of Phlegm-syndrome.The high-frequency types of pulse occurred were string,thin,rapid and smooth in turn,while thin was the most frequent occurrence in the medical records of Blood stasis-syndrome.The most herbal medicines used were neutral,cold,sweet,bitter,and belonged to the Liver,Kidney and spleen Channel.The effects of high-frequency herbal medicines were strengthening bones and muscles,restraining the liver yang,calming liver and suppressing liver-yang,tonifying liver and kidney,removing pathogenic heat from blood.The high-frequency herbal medicines used in the essential hypertension medical records were Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae,Uncaria,Radix paeoniae Alba,Poria cocos,Rhizoma Gastrodiae,Radix Rehmanniae,Radix Glycyrrhizae.There was some different in the sub syndrome type medical records.Uncaria,Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae,Radix paeoniae Alba,Rhizoma Gastrodiae,Radix Rehmanniae,Concha Haliotidis,Chrysanthemum,Oyster Shells,Prunella vulgaris were used in the medical records of Yang hyperactivity-syndrome.Radix Rehmanniae,Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae,Radix paeoniae Alba,Uncaria,Oyster Shells,Rhizoma Gastrodiae,Concha Haliotidis,Chrysanthemum of Yin deficiency-syndrome.Salvia miltiorrhiza,Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Red Paeonia,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Flos Carthami,Uncaria,Rhizoma Gastrodiae,Lumbricus,Poria cocos of Blood stasis-syndrome.Pinellia Ternata,Poria cocos,Rhizoma Gastrodiae,Uncaria,Dried tangerine peel,Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,Radix Glycyrrhizae,Salvia miltiorrhiza of Phlegm-syndrome.Radix Scutellariae,Prunella vulgaris,Uncaria,Fructus Gardeniae,Radix Glycyrrhizae,Radix Rehmanniae,Radix paeoniae Alba,Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae of Fire-syndrome.Uncaria,Rhizoma Gastrodiae,Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae,Radix paeoniae Alba,Radix Rehmanniae,Concha Haliotidis,Chrysanthemum of Wind-syndrome.Astragalus mongholicus,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Radix Glycyrrhizae,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Poria cocos,Radix paeoniae Alba,Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,Radix Codonopsis,Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae of Qi deficiency-syndrome.Radix Bupleuri,Fructus Gardeniae,Radix paeoniae Alba,Radix Glycyrrhizae,Radix Scutellariae,Chrysanthemum,Prunella vulgaris,Uncaria of Liver depression-syndrome.The usual doses of high-frequency drugs are 6g of Radix Glycyrrhizae,10g of Dried tangerine peel,Radix Bupleuri,Rhizoma Gastrodiae,Radix Scutellariae,Chrysanthemum,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Lumbricus,Cortex Moutan,Fructus Gardeniae,Chrysanthemum,15g of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae,Uncaria,Radix paeoniae Alba,Poria cocos,Radix Rehmanniae,Salvia miltiorrhiza,Prunella vulgaris,Rhizoma alismatis,Herba Taxill,tu-chung,Red Paeonia,Semen Ziziphi Spinosae,and 30g of Concha Haliotidis,Oyster Shells,Os draconis,the root of kudzu vine,Astragalus mongholicus.The combination of herbal medicines commonly used treatment of essential hypertension included Uncaria and Rhizoma Gastrodiae,Os draconis and Oyster Shells,Poria cocos and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,etc.There was different in the sub syndrome type medical records.Uncaria and Rhizoma Gastrodiae,Os draconis and Oyster Shells,Radix paeoniae Alba and Radix Rehmanniae were used in the medical records of Yang hyperactivity-syndrome.Radix paeoniae Alba and Radix Rehmanniae,Uncaria and Rhizoma Gastrodiae,Os draconis and Oyster Shells of Yin deficiency-syndrome.Rhizoma Chuanxiong and Radix Angelicae Sinensis of Blood stasis-syndrome.Pinellia Ternata and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae of Phlegm-syndrome.Radix Scutellariae and Fructus Gardeniae of Fire-syndrome.Uncaria and Rhizoma Gastrodiae of Wind-syndrome.Astragalus mongholicus and Radix Angelicae Sinensis of Qi deficiency-syndrome.Radix Bupleuri and Radix paeoniae Alba of Liver depression-syndrome.In general,by constructing a database of primary hypertension medical records and digging deeper into it,it could be found that primary hypertension was often accompanied by dizziness,headache,red tongue,and pulse string,Giddiness,insomnia,upset,etc.Common Syndrome Elements included Yang hyperactivity-syndrome,Yin deficiency-syndrome,Blood stasis-syndrome,Phlegm-syndrome,Fire-syndrome,Wind-syndrome,Qi deficiency-syndrome and Liver stagnation-syndrome and so on.The herbal medicines commonly used in the treatment of primary hypertension were Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae,Uncaria,Radix paeoniae Alba,Poria cocos,Rhizoma Gastrodiae,Radix Rehmanniae,Radix Glycyrrhizae.These herbal medicines should be used flexibly according to the patient's specific conditions.