Research On The Heat Theory Of Wang Haogu

In all ages,heat is the research problem during medicine development.Through repeated life,production,and scientific practice,then from repeated understanding,the rational conclusion can come out,and medical theory has established.Therefore,with the development of society,the establishment of heat theory is also formed by the continuous summarization of experience and gradual rise of theoretical knowledge through the medical practice of doctors in successive dynasties in the long-term struggle against diseases.From Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine to Treatise on Febrile Diseases,to the Jin and Yuan dynasties when the medical gateway was gradually divided,doctors and scholars made remarks on its syndrome from multiple perspectives,either from the concept level of fever,or from the six channels of fever,or curing by cold medicine,or coming up the theory of Yin fire,or nourishing Yin,or warming Yang.Although these interpretations expand the content of heat theory,the narration of concept is not clear and the explanation of theory is not detailed,which affects the understanding,interpretation and application of heat theory.Based on the theory of viscera mechanism,the doctors in Yi Shui school,made a very incisive research on the treatment of Qi-Blood deficiency syndrome.As a disciple of Zhang Yuansu,the founder of the Yi Shui school,Wang Haogu inherited the idea of syndrome differentiation of the viscera.Then he was admitted by Li Dongyuan,a disciple of the yi shui school,and fully understood the important influence of the Qi in the spleen and stomach on the heat disease.At the same time,Wang Haogu inherited their understanding of Mingmen and Sanjiao,creatively put forward the theory of Yin syndrome,the unified theory of external and internal diseases,and the theory of cold and heat in Sanjiao,paying attention to the differentiation between Yin syndrome and Yang syndrome,establishing the theory of heat,and pointing out that the symptoms of heat that should not be confined to appearances,but should be "treatment must be based on pathogenesis".Wang Haogu not only plays a leading role in Yi Shui school,and had a profound impact on the academic aspect,enlightening Luo Tianyi in Yi Shui school putting forward Sanjiao differentiation theory,and the later warm disease school summarizing and establishing Sanjiao differentiation system,and causing Warm-recuperation school for "kidney Mingmen relationship" and "relationship between spleen and kidney" discussion,but also affecting the formation of the concept of "balancing of Yin and Yang" in the Fu Yang doctors.Then,what is the formation background,foundation and content of Wang Haogu's theory of heat and what is its guiding role in the development of heat diseases?How does Wang Haogu's understanding of heat differ from other doctors?Research objectives:1.Wang Haogu's heat theory is systematically summarized,and a model is established to achieve the organic combination of theory and clinical practice.2.In view of Wang Haogu's heat theory,this paper compares and analyzes the similarities and differences of different schools of heat theory,highlights Wang Haogu's personal characteristics,and reveals the position of Wang Haogu in the development of heat theory.Research methods:1.Under the guidance of hermeneutics,this study makes a research on understanding the meaning,tracing back to the source,applying the theory to practice,and comparing and resolving doubts.2.This study explores the meaning of the words "fire" and "hot" through the method of philology,so as to understand the meaning of the words.Use the method of philology,collect the ancient documents and the secondary documents,to trace and understand the source.The classification method is used to arrange and stratify the concept of heat,the theory of metaphor cognition is applied to analyze the metaphorical features of "fire" and "heat".Taking the heat theory of Wang Haogu as object,this research does textual work about his lifetime and writing,combining historical background and master-apprentice relationship,arranging and summarizing theory the formation of heat,interpreting the theoretical content,syndrome differentiation and clinical medicine research,following the principle of simplicity at the same time,building Wang Haogu heat theoretical model.This study uses comparison analysis method,through the vertical comparison and horizontal comparison,doing comparative study,that can highlight the characteristics of Wang Haogu heat theory,and verify the theory of differentiation and feasibility,to closely integrate clinic with medical academic theory break.3.Based on the principle of simplicity,this study establishes the heat theoretical model and formed the dialectical thinking of "symptom-pulse-syndrome".Research results:This study gradually does research in-depth from three aspects,including the word meaning of heat,its theoretical changes,Wang Haogu's heat theory and the comparative study of heat.1.In terms of the meaning of heat and theoretical changes,the concept of "hot"and "fire" are first interpreted.The original meaning of "fire" and "hot" both refer to the warm attribute relative to "cold",and their symptoms are mostly same,but to different degrees.In the development of history,the concept is gradually stratified,and gradually has the meaning of nature,philosophy and medicine.In traditional Chinese medicine,the fire of nature has been the metaphor meaning as the fire of human body,which has two sides,namely,the physiological fire and the pathological fire.Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine sums up heat from the material,philosophical and medical levels,classifying mental diseases and spleen and kidney diseases into the category of heat,listing the two treatment methods of positive and negative.Inspired by Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine,Treatise on Febrile Diseases emphasizes heat from medical level,not only pointing out its nature of restlessness,which can instigate the Qi and blood,forcing body fluid to leak out,moving blood and bothering mood,but also restraining Qi activity and disturbing the transportation of Qi and blood,that causes Yang Qi arriving body surface difficultly,blood fluid distributing and blood running in jam.Because of the heat characteristics,there are different syndromes,including heat substantial syndrome,virtual syndrome,its mixed syndrome and other syndrome.Correspondingly,the treatment of heat also includes positive treatment for substantial syndrome and negative treatment for deficiency syndrome.At this time,the negative treatment mainly focuses on "heat treated with warm ",that is,treating heat syndrome with hot drugs.Thus,returning to the classic,the interpretation of the heat word meaning is completed,to get the purpose of knowing the meaning and tracing the source.2.In terms of Wang Haogu heat theory,this article firstly doing textual research about the author's life years and works.According to the Jin dynasty history and records of Zhao county,it was concluded that Wang Haogu was born in 1200 and died in 1308.So he was a famous doctor who died over the age of 100.This article confirms the copies of the existing five medical books of Wang Haogu,so as the main school-based books and the reference books,to make a good preparation for the follow-up study of Wang Haogu's academic thoughts.Then the formation background of the heat theory is discussed.The four elements formed the historical background:the common symptoms of exogenous diseases and disorders of spleen and stomach,the integration of thoughts in the unified Yuan dynasty,the way of understanding of the philosophy in Song and Ming dynasties,and the exploration of the reform path by doctors of traditional Chinese medicine.In addition,Wang Haogu studied and summarized their viscera differentiation thoughts and spleen and stomach theories under the guidance of Zhang Yuansu and Li Dongyuan.Meanwhile,he studied classics and learned from many sources.Under the combined action of times background and the private studying,he formed his own unique set of theories.Then this article discusses the basis of Wang Haogu's heat theory,including the unity theory of internal and external,Yin syndrome theory and the Sanjiao theory of cold and heat.Wang Haogu put forward the unity theory of internal and external,pointing out that although external and internal injury have different development rules,they often influence each other.External sensation and internal injury can be unified,and typhoid fever and miscellaneous diseases can also be unified.Combining the theory of typhoid fever and the theory of internal injury of spleen and stomach in dongyuan,Wang Haogu made the study of Yin syndrome.He believed that although the occurrence of Yin syndrome was affected by the external two evils of clearness and turbidity,the root cause was the internal "deficiency of vital qi" and "Yin evil".The etiology of Yin syndrome determines that the treatment of Yin syndrome that should focus on warming spleen and stomach,paying attention to the operation and transformation of spleen and stomach in the middle Jiao,and paying attention to the fiery symptoms of Yin syndrome with reverse therapy.Wang Haogu also clarified the position of the three Jiao,in which the head to the heart as the upper jiao,the heart to the navel as the middle Jiao,and the navel to the foot as the lower Jiao.In the disease of three Jiao,the symptoms of heart and lung are the main ones in the upper Jiao,the symptoms of spleen and stomach are the main ones in the middle Jiao,and the symptoms of water knot and blood storage are the main ones in the lower Jiao.These opinions are mostly consistent with the systematic summary of the three Jiao syndrome differentiation by the later doctors of warm diseases.The unify theory of internal and external blurs the boundaries between exogenous and internal injuries,and Yin syndrome theory provides the method of distinguishing Yin and Yang syndrome by pulse,and the three Jiao theory provides treatment with the formulas in the heat theory.The three ones combine organically,forming the heat theory that heat symptoms as the center,a diagnosis method for pulse syndrome differentiation,with the three Jiao theory to cure Yang and Yin treatment.Based on the theory of heat,this study constructs the theoretical model,and verify the feasibility with hot disease of Ban syndrome and Yin toxic.Therefore,the purpose of applying the heat theory to practice is achieved.3.In terms of the hot theories comparison,it can be divided into the horizontal comparison of Yi Shui school,Jin Yuan school,and the vertical comparison of Warm-recuperation school and Fu Yang school.In the comparison in Yi Shui school,it has been clear about the Wang Haogu s backbone role,namely its heat theory derived from the viscera differentiation of Zhang Yuansu and Li Dongheng theory,three Jiao theory and Ming Men Xiang Fire theory,developing inner cold syndrome from inner warm syndrome,emphasizing the spleen and kidney relationship,pointing the three Jiao drugs and prescriptions,which three Jiao differentiation furtherly developed by Luo Tianyi.It can be visibly seen the homology in Yi Shui school.In horizontally compared with four famous doctors in Jin and Yuan dynasties,Liu Wansu proposed Mingmen Xiang fire theory,not paying attention to the three Jiao,attaching great importance to the six Qi gasification with fire,and five emotion transforming to fire,taking care of Yin in stomach,and legislating with cold treatment.Liu Wansu considered that,the heat treatment should be divided into outer and inner parts.When the evil stays outsides,cold evil is removed using sweating method.When the evil stays insides,hot junction is solved using purgatory.Zhang Zihe eliminated the hot evil by three methods of sweating and spitting and relaxing the bowels.Learning from Yi Shui school and He Jian school,Zhu Danxi emphasized the physiological characteristics of heat,pointing out that Xiang fire moving is the pathogens.His treatment divided into real syndrome and virtual syndrome,in which purgation is used to cure real syndrome and nourishing is used to cure virtual syndrome.And enlarge the using range of lateral root,which not only can cure Yin syndrome,also boosts blood to leakage treatment and fat people stroke,and external application of Yongquan cave to treat deficient fire.All three doctors are all the He Jian school.Their different treatment of heat also reflects the change of the treatment method of the He Jian school from cold to warm,in which Yi Shui school plays an important role.In the longitudinal comparison with the later warm-tonifying school's heat theory,Wang Haogu discussed the pathogenesis of "kidney Qi deficiency" and "spleen deficiency referring to kidney",and warm-tonifying school focused on the treatment of " tonifying weak water ".Zhao Xianke and Zhang Jingyue focused on the relationship between kidney and Mingmen.Zhao Xianke proposed that Mingmen was located between the two kidneys,and the fire is hidden in the middle,using six herbs pill and eight herbs pill to cure water and fire deficiency in Mingmen.Zhang Jingyue pointed out that Mingmen was located in the kidney,and Yin and Yang were mutually used,and listed Zuogui pill,Yougui pill,Zuogui drink and Yougui drink to treat deficient syndrome separately.Xue Ji and Li Zhongzi focused on the discussion of the relationship between spleen and kidney..Xue Ji attached great importance to the deficient syndrome,and took spleen and stomach as the core.Li Zhongzi stressed the relationship between the spleen and kidney,and the importance of Yang qi in the body.to supplement deficiency with warm medicine.Therefore,the warm-tonifying school treats heat diseases,emphasizing the warm-nourishing in the form of sweat and in three Yin people,forbidding feng medicine use,which is different from Wang Haogu's use.In the longitudinal comparison with later Fu Yang doctor,this research focus on Fu Yang's founder Zheng Qinan,tracing their sources-Huai Xuan medical sciences,summing up balance view of Yin and Yang-unify of Yin and Yang,Yang masters Yin,and putting forward the development trend of the doctrine of Fu Yang,that is,from"Yang masters Yin" to " the main of fire",and from fu Yang to "fire to extinct Yin",from the partition of Yin and Yang,to tonify Yang in both Yin and Yang deficiency.Zheng Qinan and Wang haogu had different understanding,judgment and diagnosis of heat.Zheng Qinan believed that the symptoms of heat were the manifestation of true Yang,and the treatment of heat required the first identification of external and internal injury.External injury was cured by Zhongjing method,and internal injury was distinguished by Yang deficiency and Yin deficiency.Yang deficiency should be cured by ginger,radix aconiti carmichaeli and herbaceous herbs.Yin deficiency,should be cured by nourshing Yin to get rid of heat,that includes using Sanhuang decoction to clear heat,Baihu decoction to clear heat and protect Yin,Chenqi decoction to relax the bowels.Therefore,this article analyzes the difference of heat theory from the development,then through contrast,to achieve the purpose of application.So far,through three aspects discussion,namely,knowing the text meaning,tracing the source and clarifying the theory,and comparing and resolving doubts,Wang Haogu's theory has a set of theoretical model,that based on heat symptoms,identifying Yin and Yang,and treating based on syndrome differentiation,which has achieved the organic combination of theory and clinical practice.