The Development Of Veterinary In Modern China(1904-1949)

The paper begins with the beginning of the 20th century,the establishment of the Beiyang Equine Veterinary School,and explores the development of modern veterinary science from the perspective of history.It aims to analyze the changes of veterinary science and technology,veterinary administration and even the whole veterinary industry.Especially in China's culture and history,Western veterinarians in education,management,scientific research,communication,technology extension and other aspects of the establishment and development,while the friction and fusion that Traditional Chinese Veterinary after the encounter with the Veterinarian,veterinary science and technology in the development of Traditional Chinese and Western veterinary path of innovation and its laws,as well as the social,economic and cultural impact of the time,especially the motivation of these effects.Through the data analysis,on one side,it shows the status of the veterinary industry.Through some information and pictures,on the other side,we can see the real scene of the veterinary industry.Taking the time as the main line,and analyzed the basic situation of the Traditional Chinese Veterinary in the late Qing Dynasty.During the late Qing Dynasty,the treatment object of the Traditional Chinese Veterinary was changed from horse to cattle.From the late Qing Dynasty in the contents of the veterinary works,we can see that in Jiangxi,Jiangsu,Hubei,Hunan and other places,cattle is the main object of diagnosis and treatment.In Sichuan,Zhejiang and other places of the book contain a variety of animals,indicating the diversity of breeding species between the two places.From the treatment point of view,the Traditional Chinese Veterinary is still based on prescription and acupuncture.There is also the concept of isolation prevention for animal diseases.The rise of Westernization movement,but also to Western technology into China,a very small number of Western veterinary works was introduced,but for the community,did not cause impact.In 1904,the Beiyang Equine Veterinary School created,marking the birth to China's modern veterinary education system,also marks the West Veterinary officially introduced into China.In the course and school system,China's early study is the Japan and Germany System,By the 1930s,transfer to learn Europe and America System.In the establishment of the school,before 1930,only eight schools set up veterinary-related disciplines,to 1940 and an increase of 18 schools to set up animal husbandry and veterinary medicine specialty.Before the founding of PRC,and an increase of 9 schools set up animal husbandry and veterinary medicine specialty,In 1930s this period was rapid development of veterinary object.In the 1920s and 1940s,a number of official veterinary epidemic prevention and quarantine institutions were set up.The Northwest Epidemic Prevention Department and the Mengsui Epidemic Prevention Department carried out a large number of disease investigations and veterinary control work,and achieved remarkable results.Cattle and sheep had more epidemic disease in Northwest,in addition to the control of animal diseases,the official management agencies also shoulder the unity of ethnic minorities,consistent Anti-Japanese war task.Some epidemic prevention stations also have a livestock hospital,to diagnosis and treatment sick livestock,part of the diagnosis and treatment is free by the public.The establishment of the Shanghai Commodity Inspection Bureau,so that China's port quarantine can be controlled by the people,to avoid the entry of the epidemic,and promulgated the quarantine regulations,a variety of epidemics diseases are clearly defined.Trade in the livestock market is also managed to avoid the spread of the epidemic disease.The survey of livestock diseases allows the government to fully understand the occurrence of epidemic diseases in China.It's easy to manage prevention and control.In the establishment of veterinary research institutions,mainly for the 1930s large-scale epidemiological of the epidemic,research related biological products,and in the rinderpest,bovine pleuropneumonia,swine fever and other diseases prevention and control,made a lot of results,to protect the development of animal husbandry,formed a lot of scientific research.And actively carry out international academic exchanges,but also access to the international organization's recognition and support.After the introduction of the West Veterinary to develop at the same time,the development of traditional Chinese veterinary gradually slow.On the one hand is the"Abolish Traditional Chinese Medicine" on the traditional Chinese medicine question blocked its modernization process.On the other hand,with the requirement of the war,Western veterinarian instrument and drug access difficulties,so the government will turn to the traditional Chinese veterinary.By Army Veterinary School,Veterinary Drug TreatmentInstitute was set up to study the traditional Chinese veterinary prescriptions,in order to supply wartime demand.This is also a pioneer in the development of Chinese and Western veterinary treatment.During this period,the results of veterinary medicine research were significant.Traditional Chinese veterinary in this period continue the traditional mode of inheritance,there is some writings handed down.Traditional Chinese and Western veterinarians meet,and ultimate integration and development.The difference in the philosophical background between them creates a difference in development.But in the process of encounter,conflict and friction are not dramatic.On the one hand from the introduction of Western veterinarians later,the training of veterinary personnel is not enough to spread all over the country,most areas also need Traditional Chinese veterinary for disease diagnosis and treatment;on the other hand from the Chinese people have not like the late Qing Dynasty on the Western technology blindly holding accept the attitude,but also on the traditional Chinese medicine thinking and affirmation.Therefore,Chinese and Western veterinarians through their own optional part,coordinated development,did not produce confrontation.Traditional Chinese veterinary modernization has brought impact on China's social,economic,agricultural industry and many other aspects.At the level of social benefits,we have promoted the construction of the awareness of the people's epidemic prevention,changed people's living behavior,and changed the inherent thoughts of medicine.At the economic level,the development of animal husbandry is guaranteed,which promotes the export of animal products and obtains economic benefits of international trade.In the agricultural industry,the structural adjustment of the agricultural industry has been promoted,and large-scale farming has become possible,and a new viewpoint has been opened up for the development of veterinary undertakings.Of course,including the development of the veterinary industry itself has also been affected.Veterinary modernization process,to promote the veterinary science and technology system structure adjustment,is a dynamic balance process,from the domestic epidemic prevention and internal medicine development more to the balanced development of various disciplines.Promote the improvement on the management system,the formation of a more sound official epidemic prevention and quarantine institutions,and in the prevention and control of livestock and veterinary work carried out,are gradually refined,establish and improve the rules and regulations,the formation of early warning mechanism.In the case of veterinary education,schools at all level are established to develop different levels of veterinary personnel.Chinese and Western veterinary confrontation and integration,and ultimately established a modern veterinary system.This is the inevitable transformation of China in the period of historical transformation,from the political system to the social form have undergone tremendous changes in the wave of change,the development of veterinary medicine can accept different cultural theories,integration of coordinated development,the formation of modern Chinese veterinary system.Among them,both the modern Western veterinary experts are proactive,and the traditional Chinese veterinary experts work prudently,the culture and technology to penetrate each other,the formation of the existing veterinary system for the continuous development of the cause of veterinary paved the way.