Property Improvement Of Soil By Tung Oil And Sticky Rice Juice And Its Utilization On Earthen Sites Conservation In Moist Conditions

Numerous earthen archaeological sites were explored and excavated with the rapid development of Chinese archeology.The protections of the damaged earthen sites in humid conditions are badly needed due to the hydraulic effect.Correspondingly,the researches of the materials and methods on the improving and repairing of the earthen sites in humid conditions have become a significant part of the cultural heritage protection.In ancient China,many natural materials were used in the architectures and constructions.These natural materials recorded in historical documents were effective to the improvement of the soil properties.Hence,it is of great scientific significance and economic value for the research and utilization of the natural materials through modern scientific technology to protect the earthen sites.The research works of the thesis had been funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51179168),and the Cultural Relics Protection Project of Zhejiang(Grant No.2013010).According to the historical literature and combined with current research advances,this thesis has discussed the improvement effects and mechanisms of the surface color,the physical and mechanical properties,the water-physical properties and microscopic mechanisms to the Qiantang River Silt Soil improved by tung oil and sticky rice juice theoretically,and experimentally,and therefore the methods of soil comprehensive protection of the sites of Tianluoshan in Yuyao County were probed.A series of significant research conclusions are drawn as follows:(1)Based on the combination approach of direct observation and image contrast,the color contrasts of the improved soils specimens in different mass ratio were researched to study the change rules of the surface colors with time and the influences brought by tung oil and sticky rice juice and find the optimal mass ratio as 5:10:85,which could maintain the best color consistency with the unimproved soil.Then the surface colors of the improved soil specimens were quantitatively analyzed by using the chromatic aberration calculating formula of L*a*b*color system.The boundary value of the chromatic aberration was confirmed as ?E=5.0 to differentiate weather the surface color change of the improved soil could be observed by naked eyes.(2)Research on the comparison of the characteristics of permeation and strength of the improved soils:By analyzing the improvement effects of the soil specimens of different mass ratios,the change laws of the permeation with time and wetting-drying cycles were concluded.According to the characteristics of the earthen sites conservation,the concept of permeation retentivity was proposed to describe the weakening of the improvement effects of the permeability.Then by contrasting the shearing strength of different improved soil specimens,the optimal mass ratio was also confirmed as 5:10:85.The changes of the strength with time and wetting-drying cycles were also studied and described by the concept of strength retentivity.(3)To assay the properties of water repellency and stability of improved soil specimens:In this thesis,by the use of the methods of water drop penetration time(WDPT)and molarity of ethanol droplet(MED),the comparative of the water repellency of the improved specimens in different mass ratio were enraged in.The analysis on the influence pf water repellency of tung oil and sticky rice juice was also carried out.In accordance with the repellency grading standard of the different specimens,the optimal mass ratio was determined as 5:10:85.Then using the water immersing test,the properties of water stability of the different improved specimens were compared to analyze the influence of tung oil and sticky rice juice.(4)An observation of the micro structures(100×and 2000×)to the improved soils by means of the Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)can be implemented in a way that the researches of the microscopic mechanisms can be carried out.The results showed that the tung oil could form tight oxidation film to provide a wrapping effect while the starch granules of sticky rice juice could provide a filling effect.It was the cooperation of these advantages that improved the properties of soils.Then Further investigation of the influence factors on the calculating accuracy of double-scale asymptotic expansion method in calculating the soil permeability can lead to the result that the microscopic effects and mechanisms of tung oil and sticky rice juice were consistent with that of microscope.(5)In this thesis,a problem on soil comprehensive protection of the site of Tianluoshan Earthen Site in Yuyao County was researched into.Based on the analysis of the assessing standard of the dry and wet degree of earthen sites,Tianluoshan Earthen Site could be classified as a site in humid conditions.Then the properties of the soil samples in different cultural layers were measured,and the corresponding improving effects of soil samples treated by tung oil and sticky rice juice can be determined.In addition,on the basis of patent proposed by the research team,it was possible to state that the multifunctional pile can not only control the underground water level but also provide pile foundation bearing.The finite element analysis of this pile under different rainfall situations showed good effects on the water level control,which indicates that the pile can be used in the protection of Tianluoshan Earthen Site.