Research On The Responsibility Sharing And Synergy Effect Of Multi-subject In Watershed Eco-compensation

The report of the19 th national congress of the communist party of China proposed the new strategy of speeding up the reform of ecological civilization system and the construction of a beautiful China and listed the establishment of a diversified eco-compensation mechanism as the important content.The watershed as an ecological system and an economic regional system possessing strong integrity in space and high degree of regional relevance was a comparatively active area in the research and practice of eco-compensation mechanism.At present,there were contradictions and difficulties in the watershed eco-compensation like compensation mainly from government public finance,the marginal decrease of eco-compensation performance and innovation efficiency,companies and the public being somewhat active in participation,but with a low degree of participation.Therefore,the research on coordinating the cooperation between the government and the other beneficiaries had an important theoretical and practical significance to set up and perfect the diversified watershed eco-compensation mechanism.Based on the above background,from the perspective of collaborative theory and setting the coordination of the multiple subjects' cooperative participation in the watershed eco-compensation as the research target,this research tried through the concept of “Target Relevant Dimensions” to unify the collaborative eco-compensation target with the performance dimension,time dimension,space dimension and approach dimension.Taking the three order parameters,namely “The Convergence of Interest” “The Power-Responsiblity System” and “The Predeterminate Restraint” as the main research line,this research could be carried out with centering on the five parts as follow: the first part was about the multiple appeals of the watershed eco-compensation in our country;the second part focused on the establishment of the basic framework of the diversified watershed eco-compensation;the third part concerned about the establishment of the responsibility distribution system for the multiple subjects in the watershed eco-compensation;the forth part was to analyze the collaborative effect of the multiple subjects' cooperation in the watershed eco-compensation and the fifth part was the demonstration and application of the collaborated the multiple subjects' cooperation with the Dawen river watershed as the example.Main research conclusions were as follows:The multiple appeals of watershed eco-compensation in our country were the research basis of multiple subjects collaborative compensation.The evolution of our country's watershed eco-compensation experienced four stages which were initiation,development,formation and perfection and now it is growing to be a system or mechanism of diversified ecological conservation benefit compensation.However,the in-coordination of the benefit appeals of the compensation subjects,ambiguous responsibility distribution and the lack of collaborative action regulation built up the main barrier for the multiple subjects' participation.The environment management and the modernization of the governance capacity not only needed objectively the government,the enterprise,the social organizations and the public to participate,but also demanded subjectively the interaction of the ecology conservation awareness enhancement of the public,the activation of the enterprise's willingness to participate in the governance and the appeal resulted from the non-government organizations' concerns about the ecological environment,so that the eco-compensation subjects could tend to be multiple.The multiple compensation subjects with the convergence of Interest was the core of constructing watershed diversified eco-compensation.with the help of the the stakeholder analytic approach,the measurement on the interest sequence of the stakeholders showed that the power and responsibility of the watershed interest subjects were not equivalent,which needed coordinating and balancing.Through the convergence of interest analysis,the multiple subjects could be abstracted as government pursuing the ecological benefits,market bodies looking for economic benefits and the public's social organization in the pursuit of social benefits.The core of establishing the watershed diversified eco-compensation lay in relying on the multiple compensation subjects to compensate the watershed ecological protectors.The standard and range of the eco-compensation should take the cost of the watershed ecological protection as the low limit and the spillover benefits of the watershed ecological service as the upper limit.Under the leading of the government,a diversified eco-compensation mode coupling the government compensation,market compensation and social compensation could be achieved through regulating the market bodies and guiding the public and the social organizations.A relatively clear responsibility distribution system is the premise of multiple subjects collaborative compensation.The principles of “the beneficiary assuming the responsibility” “common but differentiated responsibilities” “profit structure” and “ability structure” should service as the basis for the distribution.From the time dimension and according to the changes before,during and after the watershed industrial restructuring,the distribution could be implemented as follows: government compensation as the initial stage;compensation from the government and market bodies as the intermediate stage and compensation from the government,market bodies and the social organization as the senior stage.From the viewpoint of space dimension,the distribution coefficient of each administrative region could be defined based on the single-index method and comprehensive method.In terms of subject dimension,as for the estimated spillover benefits of the watershed ecological service,the compensation dosage of the ecological benefits share could be taken by the government,the compensation dosage of the economic benefits share could be assumed by the market bodies and the compensation dosage of the social benefits share could be borne by both the government and the social organization.The compensation dosages could be raised by the government,investment enterprises and public interest organizations respectively.The cooperative degree which measuring the cooperative effect was the key to build collaborative system and simulation model of multiple subjects.Theoretically,a triple helix coupling relation mode of multiple subjects could be set up centering on the public interest.The coordination force constituted by“The Convergence of Interest” “The Power-Responsiblity System” and “The Predeterminate Restraint”as the three order parameter dynamic elements could restrain the influence of the resistance in the system and generate the positive cooperative effect.Based on the measurement of the order parameters was the comprehensive quantitative index to measure the cooperative effect.A network-based cooperative system of multiple subjects should be set up in the practice.Specifically,the vertical cooperation with multiple layers between the central and local governments should be established through the collaboration of value idea and organizations and the transverse cooperation of multiple subjects could be formed through the internal and interactive cooperation of the ternary subjects and process cooperation of “subject aggregation—collective negotiation—predeterminate restraint—coordinated action”.The simulation analysis through the multi-agent modeling method(ABM)and the software(Netlogo)showed that the cooperative degree of the multiple subjects,the government's guidance and supervision intensity and sense of social responsibility of the market bodies had a positive influence on the cooperation performance,however,they were all restricted by the compensation ability of the multiple subjects.Through the demonstration of the multiple subjects' collaboration taking the Dawen river watershed as the example,we found that: The public's cognition on the stakeholders' responsibilities like the government being responsible for the ecological benefits,the market bodies being responsible for economic benefits and the social organizations being responsible for the social benefits had high degree of identification and the public's demand on the ecological public interest generated by the watershed ecological protection was prioritized.The factors such as age,family income level,necessity of ecological management and cognition on importance of eco-compensation had a very obvious influence on the participation.The ecological protection cost of the Dawen river upper stream in2017 was about 184,895,100 yuan and the spillover benefit of ecological service was about 1,750,975,600 yuan.The distribution coefficients for Taishan district in Taian city,Daiyue district,Feicheng city,Ningyang county and Dongping county were 0.09,0.33,0.39,0.10 and 0.09 respectively.At the senior compensation stage,the ternary subjects in Feicheng city with the highest compensation dosage assumed 25,382,400 yuan,17,536,900 yuan and 3,230,500 yuan respectively;and the ternary subjects in Taishan district and Dongping county with the lowest compensation dosage undertook 5,857,500 yuan,4,047,000 yuan and745,500 yuan respectively.The cooperation simulation result showed the rankings of the cooperation performance of multiple subjects from the top down were Feicheng city,Taishan district,Daiyue district,Dongping county and Ningyang county.According to the above research conclusion,this paper proposed the policy advice on promoting the multiple subjects' cooperation in compensation.The first is to establish the legal guarantee system,including strengthening the legislation on eco-compensation,strengthening the law enforcement of eco-compensation to clarify the participants of eco-compensation.The second is to perfect the institution guarantee system,including improving the system for the market bodies and the public participation,establishing the communication and coordination mechanism to determine the relationship of rights and interest among different subjects;The third is to improve the safeguard system for funding,including the establishing the investment and financing system,deepening the financial and taxation system reform and enhancing compensating funds management to ensure to the multiple subjects' compensation responsibilities in to practice;the third is to establish and improve the supervision and assessment system which includes the supervisory mechanism,the assessment system for implementation effect,the assessment system for performance appraisal to realize the sustaining collaboration of the multiple subjects.