Marx’s View Of Ecological Justice And Its Contemporary Enlightenment

Marx’s concept of ecological justice is based on the profound reflection of the relationship between man and nature,and the relationship between man and man.It is a value principle and practical principle based on the overall interests and long-term interests of mankind.Marx’s ecological justice reveals the relationship between equal ecological rights,equal ecological benefits and equal ecological responsibilities generated by human beings in the process of rational utilization of ecological resources.Based on the definition of Marx’s ecological justice,this paper analysis the essence of Marx’s ecological justice,the performance and reasons of ecological injustice.This paper explores the path to achieve the Marx’s doctrine of ecological justice;Based on the current status of China’s ecological justice,this paper tries to clarify the internal relations between Marx’s ecological justice theory with the construction of common humanity destiny and the ecological justice.For many years,the academic circles have made abundant achievements on ecological justice theory,and gradually focus on the ecological system of self production process and system to protect the rights and interests on the distribution process,and their mutual relations,thus forming the two representative theories : productive ecological justice theory and distributive ecological justice theory.Productive ecological justice theory makes its definition from the relationship between man and nature,emphasizing the rational development of human nature,it stresses that human should pay attention to maintain the dynamic balance between human’s activities and nature,emphasizes the ecological efficiency the protection of natural resources and a virtuous cycle of human production activities,especially the development and creation of sustainable renewable resources.From the view of relationship between man and man,the distributive ecological justice emphasizes that the human beings should develop ecological resources rationally and pay equal attention to the issue of equal distribution of ecological resources,ecological interests and ecological responsibilities.The cohesion and promotion of the two theories have greatly deepened and promoted the deep understanding and thinking of human’s ecological justice issues,and also have important positive significance for building the practice of ecological justice.The differences between the twotheories represent the limitations of human beings in practice and understanding.The focus of the dispute lies in the definition of the ecological interest and its main power and responsibility.The concept of productive ecological justice regards the ecological interests as an overall need to satisfy the survival and development of the subject,and is not limited to material and economic interests.The distributive ecological justice view regards ecological justice as a realistic interest relationship that satisfies the needs of individuals or groups.In the two debate,because the essence separates the ecological interests and economic interests and the overall interests and local interests,the relationship between the long-term and immediate interestslead to the sidedness of both theories.In fact,the establishment of the concept of ecological interestsmeans a historic leap towards the basic interests of human beings.It has profound and comprehensive theoretical connotation.Ecological benefits refers to the complete maintenance of the earth’s ecosystem and the virtuous cycle,ithas become one of the common and fundamental interests of mankind,for human sustainable survival and development,the pursuit and Realization of the interests of all mankind is an indispensable duty.Ecological interestis not the interests of the ecosystem itself,but the interests of human beings.It is the interest that human life and lives that living in the ecosystem.Due to the condition and objects human life depending on are very diverse and comprehensive,so ecological benefits and other benefits,such as economic interests,political interests,social interests,cultural interests and so onwill complement each other,and cross each other,but not necessarily contradictory relationship,mutual exclusive.For example,the realization of ecological interests includes the dual process of economic benefits and the realization of good ecological function.The ecological interest is the economic interests of the main body in the use of ecological resources to maintain their survival and development,as well as the non-material interests with ecological function attributes.The economic interests and ecological interests are essentially the same.Only when people neglect the integrity,unity and comprehensiveness of human existence and development,will they fall into one-sided.Marx’s view of ecological justice embodies the unity of productive justice and distributive justice,which not only concerns the justice between man and nature,but also concerns the justice between human being.Marx’s ecological justice theorytakes the surrounding nature as the inorganic body,which reached the integration of man and nature;Marx’s ecological justice theory is no longer takes the nature as a consumer object;Marx’s ecological justice theory had gone beyond other theory that differentiation and narrow the social subject,and it’s a theory that facing the whole human destiny;Marx’s ecological justice theory had gone beyond other theory that separatethe rights and responsibilities,it’s a theory that emphasizing the integration of local interests and overall interests,immediate interests and long-term interests.Marx’s view of ecological justice has the distinct characteristics of practicality,subjectivity,comprehensiveness and historical dynamics.The ecological justice in the generation and the intergenerational ecological justice are the two forms of Marx’s ecological justice.Marx’s view of ecological justice takes human needs and capabilities as a yardstick of value,and realizes the unity of productive ecological justice and distributive ecological justice,reflecting the overall interests and long-term interests of the main body.The main body of ecological rights,ecological interests and ecological responsibilities in Marx’s ecological justice can only be human beings rather than all living beings and non-human beings.The distribution ecological justice theory in the past takes the ecological benefits equal to economic interests,only to acknowledge the ecological and economic interests relationship and did not see the difference between the two type of production;ecological justice theory in the past takes the ecological benefits equal to the ecological value(non-material interests),just look at the difference between the ecological and economic interests and neglect of the connection of the two.In fact,Marx’s ecological justice emphasizes the two aspects of economic interest and ecological function value,which are the two aspects of achieving ecological benefits.In the process of human beings’ respecting the natural law,both the economic value and ecological function are realized.the realization of the ecological benefit is a process of the combination of economic benefits and ecological function;distributiveecological justice relates to the individual or group to obtain economic benefits,productive ecological justice relates subjects for ecological justice and ecological value;only regarding human whole interests and long-term interests as the fundamental value measure to solve the problem the relationship between man and nature and between people and people,can we achieve the unity of productive and distributive ecological justice.As a kind of ideal state,Marx’s ecological justiceis a kind of principle that should be followed in any case,however,there are a lot of ecological injustice phenomenon in real life,as long as the existence of possession,development,distribution and consumption of ecological resources between people,there will be the difference of productive ecological injustice and distributive ecological injustice.The expression of productive ecological injustice is the state of confrontation between man and nature,and the expression of distributive ecological injustice is the state of confrontation between people.The capitalist system is the historical cause of ecological injustice.The institutional factor of ecological injustice lies in the ambiguity of the right and responsibility of the subject of ecological interest.The value of instrumental rationalism is the epistemological root of ecological injustice,and the alienated and irrational consumption mode is the cultural constraint factor resulting in ecological injustice.To realize Marx’s ecological justice,on the one hand,we should start from the relationship between man and nature,through the development of ecological economy,ecological politics,ecological culture,ecological technology,and respect ecological rule to maintain the benign cycle of human activities and ecological system and realize the productive ecological justice;on the other hand,through the fair distribution system to ensure the ecological subject have equal rights and equal opportunity,to ensure a fair starting point;through the building of ecological democratic systemto ensure the realization of the fair process of ecological interests,through the implementation of ecological legal system to ensure the fair result of ecological compensation responsibility to realize the distributive ecological justice.