| Currently,there are many researches about of species distribution,the basic data in these researches mostly acquired from fauna,flora,publishing books and report,just taken these data as the present distribution.The researches about species historical distribution is not much and lack of the distribution data.In order to solve this problem,in this paper,a new method is used to supplement the basic historical distribution information,which is the usage of the new chorography.As compilation features of new chorography,the distribution information species recorded in the new chorography can be chronologically divided and involve wide coverage.Through query the new chorography all over the country,take five endangered animals as the research object which is easy to identify,analyze its historical distribution in 1950-2010.In this paper,thus providing protection suggestions and a new thought of species distribution research.The main results of this study are as follows:(1)Local Chronicles can be used as an important supplementary resource of species historical distribution.Through obtaining the time information in the new chorography to divide era,clearing the species distribution in different times.Few people use this research method,but it works.We select the new chorography as main information source,a total of 25,485 electronic editions were queried and select a total of 2431 the new chorography as the basis data for this study.Compared with other types of data,the data in the new chorography has the merits of long duration and extensive research area.And extract the information of time to divide the eras can understand the distribution and quantity of species in different historical period more comprehensively.For example,in the 1950s,the number of the distributing information of the otter from the new chorography is 757,compared with the other sources is only 28.(2)Five endangered mammals undergo a profound distribution change in China past 60 years,showed a sharp drop trends.Compared with 1950s,the number of record points of five species respectively reduced after 2000:tiger,94.0%;leopard,85.1%;otter,85.3%;lynx,83.7%;sable,79.3%.And the number of species recorded showed a sharp change was in the 1980s.After 2000,the tiger and leopard has few traces was found,otter,lynx and sable appears only in the remote areas of mountains and nature reserves.(3)Use the species distribution model to simulate historical potential distribution of sable population in northeast China on the basis of climate factor can be seen that the distribution changes of sable population in the northeast China had related with climate factor change.In the northeast region,climate changes would cause species distribution change.Under the influence of climate change,the sable population of the Greater Kinggan Mountains region and the Smaller Kinggan Mountains region tends to extend to the north and lower altitude area(compared with the 1950s,the center of distribution moved 147.90 km,66.55 km respectively,and the elevation dropped by 63.55 m and 23.91 m respectively),sable population of the Changbai Mountain area tends to extend to the south and higher altitude(the center of distribution moved 195.38 km,and the elevation upped 270.93 m).In addition to the climate factor,other factors,such as population and land use type factor will affect the species distribution.As above,the new chorography can be used as an important data to supplement species historical distribution data.In 1950-2010,five Chinese endangered mammal's population(tiger,leopard,lynx,otter and sable)declined dramatically.This paper combined with social science data,explored a new method to study the historical distribution of species from the historical perspective,shows that the historical change trend of the endangered mammals basically,and puts forward the current conservation suggestions.The results provides a new thought for the biodiversity protection,and data support and theoretical basis for study the historical distribution of species. |
PDF Full Text Request