Distribution And Protection Status Of Rare And Endangered Vascular Plants In Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia autonomous region has complex and unique plant resources,but as human activities and climate change to the nature,ecological degrees of change,lead to some species distribution area reduction,quantity reduced,and even some individual species have not been discovered in the wild for more than 30 years and are on the verge of extinction,so that scholars lack relevant research data and failed to determine its taxonomic status.In order to avoid such extreme situations,we based on a large number of field investigation,specimen review and data reduction,and supplemented the distribution points by PPGI(Lycopod and Fern),Christenhusz system(Gymnospermae),APG system(Angiospermae).On the basis of the 2021 List of Wild Plants in State Key Protection,the list of wild plants distributed in Inner Mongolia has been counted,and the list of unique vascular plants in Inner Mongolia has been completed.On this basis,we have formulated a list of key protected wild vascular plants in Inner Mongolia in accordance with the following principles:(1)The protected species with wild distribution in Inner Mongolia that have been listed in the List of Wild Plants under State Key Protection(Announcement of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration,2021)are all determined to be rare and endangered species and key protected wild plants in Inner Mongolia.(2)For rare and endangered species that are not listed in the List of Wild Plants under State Key Protection(2021)but need further protection in Inner Mongolia,these plants must be endangered,followed by rare ones,considering both factors.According to the principle of considering both the "rare" and "endangered" levels,the identified endangered and rare plants are classified into three categories:(1)Rare and endangered plants endemic to the region;(2)Rare and endangered plants that are not endemic to the region,but are within the center of their distribution;(3)Taxa whose distribution center is not in the region,but whose distribution area boundaries are within the region,or a rare species(with potential economic value or scientific research value)but not rare species.According to the above principles,this study selected 164 species of plants in urgent need of protection from the wild plants distributed in Inner Mongolia,and used GIS means to draw the distribution map of 164 species of wild vascular plants under key protection in Inner Mongolia,and came to the following conclusions:1)There are 46 species of wild plants under national key protection in Inner Mongolia,including 1 species of bryophytes,1 species of gymnosperms,42 species of angiosperms,1 species of algae and 1species of fungi.The angiosperms contain the most species are Orchidaceae and Gramineae,containing 7 species each;Followed by Leguminosae,containing 5 species;Other families contain 1-2 species.2)There are 74 species(including 7 variants)of endemic plants to Inner Mongolia,belonging to 24 families and 37 genera,including 12 genera,22 genera and 25 species of dicotyledon.Ranunculaceae,Leguminosae,Poaceae and Compositae contain the largest number of species,all containing 9 species,followed by Campanulaceae,Cyperaceae and Caryophyllaceae,which contain 5species;the other families contain 1-3 species.The genera with the largest number of species are Oxytropis,Adenophora,Aconitum and Silene,all contain 5 species;followed by Astragalus and Carex,all contain 4species;the other genera contain 1-3 species.3)There are 164 species of wild vascular plants(including 5 variants)mainly protected in Inner Mongolia,belonging to 53 families and 129 genera,including 5 species of gymnosperms and 3 genera of gymnosperms,44 species of 8 families of monocotyledons,and 112 species of 43 families and 92 genera of dicotyledons.Orchidaceae contains the largest number of species,including 31 species;the second is Asteraceae,containing 13 species;the third is Fabaceae and Ranunculaceae,containing only 12 species;the fourth is Poaceae,containing 7 species;the fifth is Ericaceae and Rosaceae,both containing5 species;other families contain 1-4 species.The genus with the largest number of species is the Cypripedium,containing 5 species;followed by Saussurea,Rhodiola,Astragalus,Epipactis,Elymus,Pinus and Aconitum,all contain 3 species;the other genera contain 1-2 species.4)Among the 164 species of key protected wild vascular plants in Inner Mongolia,5 are in critically endangered(CR),accounting for 3.05%;15 in endangered(EN),accounting for 9.15%;51 in vulnerable(VU),accounting for 31.10%;57 in near threatened(NT),accounting for34.76%;36 in least concern(LC),accounting for 21.95%.5)164 key protection of wild vascular plants in Inner Mongolia,among which 144 species are protected by nature reserves,accounting for87.8%;The top five nature reserves with the largest number of wild vascular plants are Daqingshan nature reserve with 43 species,Daqinggou nature reserve with 29 species,Heilihe nature reserve with 29 species,Helanshan nature reserve with 28 species and Ulanba nature reserve with 28 species.6)Of the 164 key protected wild vascular plants in Inner Mongolia,20 species have no distribution records in the protected area,namely not protected by nature reserves,respectively,Ophioglossum thermal,Iljinia regelii,Adonis bobroviana,Aconitum bailangense,Sibiraea laevigata,Apocynum pictum,Monotropa uniflora,Batrachium pekinense,Rhodiola stephanii,Taraxacum siphonanthum,Typhonium trifoliatum,Pulsatilla hulunensis,Epipactis papillosa,Chesniella ferganensis,Kolkwitzia amabilis,Aldrovanda vesiculo,Hordeum innermongolicum,Aconitum ranunculoides,Glycyrrhiza inflata and Aquilegia amurensis.