| Recently,the destruction of agricultural resources in China has become increasingly serious and ecological and environmental problems as well as agricultural product quality and safety issues have become increasingly prominent.The 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made it clear that "accelerate the transformation of agricultural development mode,give full play to the functions of agricultural ecology,vigorously develop green agriculture and promote the agricultural section of the efficiency",in this context,it is urgent to achieve green agriculture transformation in China.Green agriculture involves production,processing,marketing and other links,among which,production is the source of going green,and paying special attention to production is the premise to ensure the quality of agricultural products.Grain is not only the national strategic material but also the necessities of life,among which,rice is the staple food of more than 65% of the population in China,the average annual consumption up to 175 billion kg,accounting for more than 85% of China's rice production.Therefore,the safety of rice production is directly related to the public health.Until now,with the restriction of factors such as technology and production conditions,except for a small amount of organic rice varieties,the majority of rice in the production process is still inseparable from the high-intensity chemical fertilizers and pesticides.Although the chemical fertilizers and pesticides have made great contributions to production increasing and high-yield of rice since the 1990 s,the non-green production method of "high-fertilizer and high-medicine" in rice has led to the pesticide residue,farmland ecological destruction,pollution and other issues.Aiming to produce safe and pollution-free green agricultural products,green agricultural technology combines the advantages of traditional agricultural technology,conventional agricultural technology and modern agricultural technology into one,which has "modern","festival" and "less pollution" characteristics.Rice farmers‘,as the most widely demand subject,adopting green agricultural technology will directly affect the development of green agriculture.Therefore,for national health and national food security,how to promote rice farmers adopt green agricultural technology in production will become essential.This paper takes the green agriculture technology as the research object,470 rice farmers in Hubei province were selected as the research object.On the basis of the analysis of farmers' green agricultural technology adoption process and policy incentives,this paper constructs the ?perception-willingness-behavior-effect confirmation-policy incentives? analysis framework.First of all,this paper employs Probit-Interpretative Structural Model to explore the depth and breadth of farmers' perception of green agricultural technology.Secondly,taking the green disease prevention and control technology as an example,this paper discusses the influence of motivation,opportunity,ability and trust on farmers' willingness to adopt green agriculture technology from the perspective of psychology.Thirdly,based on rice farmers‘ actual production behavior,the effect of green agriculture technologies including green control technology of citrus diseases and insects and soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology on rice production performance is studied by employing Propensity Score Matching method.Finally,combing government policy incentives in education and training,subsidies,laws and regulations,this paper constructs corresponding policy incentives based on farmers' motives,opportunities and abilities.The main conclusions are summarized as follows:(1)Farmers‘ technology adoption behavior is a process of "cognition? evaluation ? attempt ? behavior".When the sum of the marginal utility and the marginal benefit is equal to the marginal cost,the farmers‘ optimal green agricultural technology input level will be reached.The spread of green agricultural technology is inseparable from the government policy incentives,information asymmetry,and the negative externality of non-green agricultural technology etc.will lead to the deficiency of green agricultural technology.(2)Through the analysis of the application of green agricultural technology in Hubei province,the pesticide and fertilizer application intensity in Hubei Province were as high as 15.5 kg / hm2 and 429.4 kg / hm2 respectively,which was about 2 times than those,the upper limit accepted by the international.Households who have certain cognition about soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology and straw returning technology accounts for more than 60%,but those understanding green control technology of citrus diseases and insects,efficient pesticide spraying technology and conservation tillage technology accounts for less than 50%;Households do not pay much attention to five green agricultural technologies.Except for the conservation tillage technology,more than 50% of households require the other four green technologies.More than 60% of households indicated that they would not adopt the green agricultural technologies.In the process of adopting green agricultural technologies,the "high yield" is an important factor farmers first consider.(3)Among the key factors influencing the depth and breadth of farmers' cognition of green agricultural technology,the characteristics and technical guidance frequency of the respondents had a significantly positive effect,while concurrent industry or not and the farmer production safety evaluation had significantly negative effects;The degree of education,the accessibility of information channels and the satisfaction of technical guidance positively influenced farmers‘ cognitive depth,but they did not significantly influence their cognitive breadth.The membership of cooperatives significantly affected farmers‘ cognitive breadth,but they did not affect the cognitive depth.With Interpretative Structural Model to analyze the influencing factors,it was found that the respondents‘ characteristics,concurrent business or not,the degree of education and the attitude of risk deeply influenced farmers' cognition of green agricultural technologies.The technical guidance service from government and cooperative was the middle layer factor,while production safety evaluation was the surface direct factor.(4)Employing the structural equation model to analyze the farmers' willingness to adopt green agriculture technologies found that the overall influence of adoption opportunity,operation ability and risk-resistance ability on farmers‘ willingness to adopt were 0.563,0.266 and 0.784 respectively,and the indirect influence of trust was 0.556.The adoption motivation had a stronger impact on the adoption intention of the farmers in the large-scale planting group,while the adoption opportunity and operational ability had more obvious influence on the adoption intention of the farmers with low education degree in small-scale planting group.The ability to resist risks had a stronger influence on the adoption intention of the highly educated farmers with high-income in the large-scale planting group.(5)Employing the tendency score matching method to analyze the green agriculture technology adoption behavior effect found that the single green agriculture technology has a negative effect on the rice production performance and the negative effect would be reduced if the endogeneity problem was considered.The effect of integrated green agriculture technologies on rice production performance was positive but not significant.The results of the robustness test showed that the single or integrated green agricultural technology had no significant effect on the rice production performance.(6)By combing the literatures,laws and regulations of green agricultural technology,we find that incentives in education and training,subsidies,laws and regulations have been adopted to promote the diffusion of green agricultural technology in China.Since the cost-benefit is also an important criterion for the government to implement policy incentives,in order to make the incentive effect more effective,the government incentive framework on the basis of motivation,opportunity and ability theory is put forward..In this paper,possible innovations are mainly manifested in four aspects:(1)Different from other agricultural technologies,green agricultural technology has environment effect.In this paper,environmental constraints are integrated into the household utility model to reveal the economic mechanism of farmers' adopting green agricultural technology in the context of greening.For green agricultural technology popularization,government is the dominant party,and farmers' trust and other psychological factors in government will directly affect their willingness to adopt technology.Therefore,based on the current study,trust is further incorporated into the framework of motivational,opportunity and competence framework model to explore farmers‘ willingness and path-setting to adopt green agricultural technologies.(2)Most of existing literatures employ binary Logit or binary Probit model to analyze factors influencing farmers' technology cognition,and researches for the level of influencing factors are rare.On the basis of the multivariate Ordered-Probit model,the Interpretative Structural Model is introduced to analyze the hierarchy of influencing factors and to explore the deep roots.Because of many factors affecting the performance of rice production,the traditional methods such as simple statistics and regression analysis used to analyze the influence of the technology adoption on rice production performance are less scientific and rigorous.Thus,based on the tendency score matching method,the integration of green agricultural technology adoption is separated from other social and economic factors affecting farmers‘ rice production performance to investigate the influence of technology adoption on rice production performance. |
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