| Globalization has played an important role in the promotion and shaping of urban and regional development,profoundly changing the framework of domestic regional economy.Globalization,coming with localization process,effects the spatial imbalance of regional economic development at the same time.The development of globalization has promoted the transformation of country's role and strengthened its importance.With the support of the national and local government policies,the underdeveloped area in western China has been developed.Under the background of industrial inland transferring in international and local development areas,the influence of globalization and localization on the development of poverty-stricken areas in western China has been gradually strengthened.Since the reform and opening up,the national economy has been well developed,while the continuous expansion of the inequality in regional development has become an unavoidable reality behind the economic growth,especially the western China.Regional imbalances affect the coordinated and sustainable development of the economy,national unity and political stability.Promoting regional coordinated development is the goal which has been focused by government,and the thirteen five plan has proposed that to improve the development of the balance,to solve the regional overall poverty,to support special type of regional development,to increase the support strength to old revolutionary base areas,ethnic areas,border areas and difficult areas.Based on such an international and domestic background,this paper aims to explore the characteristics,processes,spatial evolution and mechanism of economic unbalanced development of underdeveloped areas in China.Taking the less developed province of western China-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as an example has a typical meaning to study the regional development problem under the background of globalization and localization.As a coastal west of the backward areas,ethnic areas,old revolutionary base areas and border areas,Guangxi gains a lot of state's attention in recent years,and the policy support effect is obvious.The constructions of the China-ASEAN Expo and the Free Trade Area have significantly promoted the participation of every regions in Guangxi to join the process of globalization.Summarizing the relevant literatures in domestic and abroad,this paper clarifies the basic theory and establishes the analysis framework.It uses prefecture city's the degree of participation in economic globalization to measure the globalization process,analyzes localization from the view of political interpretation,includes national and regional levels,and selects industrial structure and industrial park as localized indicators.Based on the studies of the spatial structure of regional economics,this paper examines the urban spatial hierarchy and spatial organization in Guangxi,and further analyzes its spatial pattern of regional development from the perspective of global participation and localization,respectively.From the perspective of the interconnection of globalization and localization,this paper explores the spatial differences on the county level in Guangxi and then summarizes the characteristics of the development of the underdeveloped areas in China.Through the above researches,the paper makes the following conclusions.(1)Globalization and localization both have significant impacts on the imbalance development in less-developed western areas.The study confirms a strong explanation of the unbalanced development mechanism in the less-developed western areas from the perspective of globalization and localization.Globalization and localization have had significant impacts on the vertical differences of urban development in underdeveloped areas.Local factors embodying in industrial structures and industrial parks also contributed to the widening of the gap between cities.Globalization and localization do not have impacts on urban development alone,but the two are intertwined with each other,supporting by the governments,have significant impacts on urban development through the implementation of policies.(2)The spatial structure of regional economics is not only the result of regional differences but the reasons of imbalances in regional development.Guangxi gradually formed a "two main" multi-center structure and the "West weak East strong" spatial pattern,the level between the central cities gradually widened,and the entire regional economic development is seriously imbalance.The spatial structure of regional economics is an important influencing factors of regional imbalance in Guangxi.The spatial structure of regional economics is the result of the interactions among globalization,localization and regional economic development.In particular,government policy plays a key role during this process,and the inertia of spatial structure has a significant impact on urban development.(3)The participation pattern of globalization reorganized the regional urban system,and exacerbated the imbalance in urban development.Trade,foreign-funded enterprises and foreign direct investment,concentrating in the coastal cities and central cities in Guangxi,not only accelerate the process of urbanization in these areas,and even reorganize the regional urban system.The changing participation pattern of Guangxi's economic globalization has reshaped the economic geography pattern within province and changed the economic links between these regions.As promoting the economic growth of the cities,it has also exacerbated the imbalance of regional economic development.(4)The difference in economic environment is the reason that industrial structure has an uneven influence on regional economic development.Industrial structure is the main feature and comprehensive performance of local development,and the interaction products under the interactions among globalization,localization,national power and local forces.The cities in Guangxi have preliminarily formed industrial divisions.Mining industry,resource-intensive industries and traditional labor-intensive industries rely heavily on the resources and general labor force,and their distributions are more decentralized.On the other hand,the high correlation labor-intensive industries and capital-intensive industries have high demands for capital,technology,manpower,agglomeration,and generate the initial formation of labor division and collaboration.These industries gathered in different central cities and formed relevant industrial clusters.Due to the difference of economic environment,the influence of industrial structure on regional economic development is nonlinear and asymmetric,which leads to the reorganization of industrial space and the expansion of urban vertical difference.(5)The park has become a booster of local economic development,and has different contributions to developed areas and underdeveloped areas.Industrial park is a key driver and important growth pole of economic development in Guangxi.The park's central urban layout is bound to further promote the rapid development of the central city,and widens the gap between central city and general city.High-tech enterprises have become the pillars of economic development in high-tech industrial parks,and also an important force to promote the optimization and upgrading of Guangxi's industrial structure and social and economic development.However,the high-tech enterprises in Guangxi are concentrated in the central urban,sub-central city and adjacent counties,the hierarchical characteristics are obvious,which not only reflect the imbalance development in economics,sciences and technologies,but also further widen the vertical inequality between cities.(6)Geography,environment and ethnicity are important driving forces of development differences in Guangxi counties.The impact of globalization on the level of regional development in underdeveloped areas is not obvious,but localization has a significant effect,confirming the applicability of multi-scale and multi-mechanism frameworks to analyze imbalances in less developed regions.Geographical,environmental and national comprehensive analysis framework also confirmed that geographical,environmental,ethnic and other local factors are important driving forces for regional imbalances in Guangxi.At the same time,it also demonstrates that geography and environment are basic structural features of less developed provinces in western China,and its serious constraints on development are difficult to overcome completely.There are significant heterogeneous spatial structures in Guangxi,and some localized characteristics have a nonlinear effect on economic development. |
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