Research On The Moderate Land Scale Of Family Farms Based On Comprehensive Benefit Perspective

At present, with the further development of industrialization and urbanization, we have to face an increasingly awful situation in the shortage of agricultural resources, which results in the serious segmentation of the farmland. In the meantime, the migration from rural to urban areas in young adult causes the severe trend of population aging, multiple occupation, feminization, lower education in Chinese agriculture. National food security is deeply affected by the failure of the breakthrough in peasant economy, which is the reason of stagnation in agricultural productivity. As a result, the solution in the subject and style of farming becomes particularly urgent. National food security requires transformation and improvement of the agricultural development mode and productivity. Under this background, “No 1 Central Document”, which was released in 2013, made an important decision to develop family farms. Since then, the scholars focus on the family farms. One of the research priority is moderate scale. Scholars have reached a consensus that the scale of family farms should be moderate in order to improve productivity. Therefore, deep analysis on the moderate scale is of important theoretical and practical significance to the promotion in sustainable and healthy development of family farms.Drawing on relevant research results at home and abroad, this paper constructs the theoretical framework of the research on moderate land scale of grain family farms in Songjiang, which is based on survey data of 246 grain family farmers and 252 ordinary farmers. Not only the theories of property,household contract management,economies of scale,transaction cost and institutional change are included, but also many approaches are used for reference in this paper, such as concept analysis method, deductive reasoning method, three-stage DEA method, improved analytic hierarchy process, multiple regression analysis and so on. Firstly, this paper defines concept on grain family farms and their moderate land scale in theory. Secondly, the development status in family farms at home and abroad and evolution law of land scale are summarized. Finally, an empirical research on the influence of grain family farmers' land willingness scale is carried out based on the selection of moderate land scale of grain family farmers in Songjiang. After that, the paper raises the conclusion and suggestion.Conclusions are as follows:(1) The trend is above suspicion that the land scale of family farms is expanding wether at home or abroad.(2)Three groups of family farms, whose land scale are respectively 8.13~8.40 hm2, 10.00~10.33 hm2 and 11.53~13.07 hm2, are comprehensive technology effective.(3)Environment factors have significant influence on farm management efficiency. Farmers' education background and grain subsidy have significantly positive impact on farm management efficiency, but the distance between farm and town has negative effect. The influence of other variables on farm management environment is diversified, including farmers' age, scale of farmland, employment rate of rural workers independent of agriculture, land transfer fee and frequency of agricultural technical training.(4)The moderate land scale of family farms in Songjiang is 8.13~8.40hm2, based on comprehensive benefit evaluation system of farm management and improved analytic hierarchy process.(5)Benefit differs among economy, society and ecology. Social benefit is significantly lower than the benefit of economy and ecology.(6)The significantly positive effect on grain family farmers' desired land scale exists in gender, value of fixed assets relating to product, scale of family farms, rationality of farm development planning, land transfer fees. In comparison, the scale of indirect investment in grain production is significantly negative.Innovations are as follows:(1)Under the view of comprehensive benefit, analysis on the decision mechanism of grain family farmers' desired land scale is carried out, based on the measure of moderate land scale of grain family farmers in Songjiang. The results show that the moderate land scale of family farms in this region is 8.13~8.40hm2.There are six variables having significant influence on grain family farmers' desired land scale, among them, the most prominent is land transfer fees and the next is family farms' operation scale.(2) The measure of moderate land scale of grain family farmers in Songjiang is taken in two steps. The selection of moderate land scale is made by three-stage DEA method. Then, under improved analytic hierarchy process, the moderate land scale is finally determined. The results are as follows: There are three groups of family farms realizing the optimized allocation of resources on the whole, whose land scale are respectively 8.13~8.40 hm2, 10.00~10.33 hm2 and 11.53~13.07 hm2. The moderate land scale of grain family farms is 8.13~8.40hm2,and the suboptimal land scale are 11.53~13.07 hm2 and 10.00~10.33 hm2.(3)Based on these results of theoretical and empirical analysis,in order to promote the development of grain family farms in Songjiang, we should accelerate the transformation of governments' support mode,gradually make scientific development plan of family farms, improve reverse rent through inverse contract mechanism of land circulation, determine family farms' scale according to local conditions,cultivate professional farm operators through internal and external combination,adjust grain planting structure of subsidies, build efficient agriculture technology system of information communication and integrate technology development and fertility maintenance to achieve the harmonious development of human and ecological environment.