| Chinese journalism flourished in the period of the Republic of China.Our newspaper began with the trend of emphasizing comments and gradually formed the Chinese characteristics of“the first to be news comment",which made the national news comments bloomed in that time with the emergence of one and one influential comment masters and popular newspapers which gave the priority to comments.Chu Anping and the Observation he founded was the last one on the glorious list.Observation was founded in September 1946 and was a journal of news comment targeting the intellectuals as readers and gathering almost all the famous scholars as writers.Its readers came from all over the country,and its highest circulation was more than 100,000.So it affected the thoughts of a generation,but was closed down by kuomintang on the last eve before the founding of new China.As a influential master,his theory of comments absorbed the predecessor' s wisdom and inherited the spirit of comments of the Republic of China,was the concentrated reflection of concepts of comment during that period.It is the universal concept of news comments during the period of the Republic of China that will be analyzed in this thesis,based on investigating the concept of Chu Anping's news comment which was the typical representatives of that time and analyzing other influential comments and claims of Liang Qichao,Zhang Jiluan,Hu Shih in that period.The new opinion will be proposed firstly based on the textual research on the life and experiences of Chu Anping,contrasting and verifying the historical data of his disputed missing puzzle,the details of his study life.And there is new discovery by exploring new historical data source and reading the existing research results carefully.Comprehensively analyzing the comments and reviews of Chu Anping,it is found that in his comment concepts there are mainly four key words:criticism,responsibility,independent,rational criticism.He admitted that opinions can be praising or degrading,but he obviously tended to the critical news comments and thought this should be the core of the news comments.The inner driving force of his comment career is the strong patriotic enthusiasm and the responsible attitude to the readers and society,which constitute the responsibility concept existing in his comment concepts.And he took the independent spirit as the inherent spirit and vitality of news commentary,so he valued different opinions,encouraged different views and advocated to objectively evaluate things on a neutral stance;In addition,he clearly put forward the“rationality”as the inherent requirement of comments,advocated for comments with rationality and keep the restraint rational manner of a gentleman in the comments contend.The comments concepts of Chu Anping stated above is not generated from nothing,but from the intense debating of thoughts and deeply immersing into the news comment environment in the period of the Republic of China.He was influenced by modern Chinese nationalism trend,so he owned urgent patriotic national salvation strong will to work for his country.At the same time,in adhering to the liberal democratic socialism,he advocated freedom,democracy,independent.In addition,affected by the independent spirit in Chinese traditional culture and family culture“integrity" of start-up,he promoted independence,which he took as the inner of the human spirit.These three aspects are the theory sources of his news comment concepts.His comment concepts was formed in the environment that the literati published news paper to talk about politics and debated from each other frequently.As a sudden emerging rookie of news comment in the end of the Republic of China,Chu Anping' s concept of news comment was the concentrated expression and typical representative of that period.This study finds that Liang Qichao insisted that“the news comments should be beneficial to state affairs",“Comments subject should be comprehensive and important","the standpoint should be selfless instead of standing by any political party" and" the news comments should be suitable for national conditions and readers?".Zhang Jiluan insisted that“not party,not to sell,not private,not blind" as his comments concept.Hu Shih hold the independent spirit,commenting for the country and from public interests as his comment concept.They respectively represented the concepts of news comment in the early,middle and later period of the Republic of China,and had high coincidence with Chu Anping in the late of the Republic of China.By the comprehensive analysis of these widespread news comments concept during the period of the Republic of China,the author combing out the familiar concept of news comment concept of that period,which are mainly:First,aiming at serving the country,trying to promote the state and society by diligent work on news comment,Liang Qichao' s idea of“benefit state" laid the foundation of this concept.The second is to carry out the spirit of independence,advertising non-party selfless,respecting independent thinking and taking the spirit of independent comment as newspaper' s unshaktable and insistent character.Hu Shih first raised the banner of independence and made it the core idea of news comment concept of the Republic of China.Third,to adhere to the attitude of criticize in news comment,daring to criticize the authorities,supervising the government,supervising the society and advocating to criticize the social shortcomings sharply in news comment,which has become the consensus concept in that period.Chu Anping has spared no effort in criticizing the current politics sharply and penetrating.He believed that where there is injustice there will be an outcry,and he played the criticism the most vividly. |
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