Research Of College Graduates’ Job Quality Based On The Perspective Of Employee Well-being

Employment is vital to people’s livelihood,and employment problem is related to the development of economy and the stability of society.As the most dynamic and creative group in the society,college graduates are the important power of promoting economic development,and their problems of employment have attracted great attention from all walks of life.In fact,the current employment difficulty of college graduates mainly refers to low job quality.Nine-to-five jobs bring workers not only high income,but also problems such as sub-health,occupational disease and overfatigue.Busy and repetitive work makes it difficult to achieve their pursuit of free life.The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward that we should achieve a higher job quality in the new era and promote youth employment focusing on college graduates.Without doubt,the further study of college graduates’ job quality has great institutional background and realistic significance.For a long time,the study of graduate employment mainly concentrated on job quantity,while the study of job quality was neglected.There is no consensus as to the concept of job quality.In recent years,domestic scholars gradually pay attention to college graduates’ job quality,mainly focusing on job characteristics such as labor remuneration,working hours and working conditions.Few studies pay attention to college graduates’ job quality from the point of view of employee well-being.However,the ultimate goal of labor is not to obtain remuneration,but to seek the maximum well-being,achieve individual lifestyle and have a good life.In this dissertation,the research on the college graduates’ job quality and its influencing factors from the angle of employee well-being has a great theoretical and realistic significance.Amartya Sen’s capacity approach is a method frame of assessing individual well-being.Based on Amartya Sen’s capacity approach,this dissertation constructs job quality with job satisfaction,occupational health and capacity,measures college graduates’ job quality,analyses the influencing factors of job quality,and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions to improve college graduates’job quality.This dissertation includes seven parts.The first chapter is introduction.It introduces research background and significance,summarizes research idea and framework,confirms research aim,content and methods,and summarizes contributions and innovations of this dissertation.The second chapter is literature review.First,the dissertation reviews the concpt and connotation of job quality systematically,and then points out that the concept of job quality discussed from the perspective of college graduates’ welfare belongs to narrow,micro and subjective sense.The literature review of job quality evaluation methods and influencing factors provides reference for this dissertation.The literature review of job satisfaction and occupational health lays theoretical foundation for studying the influencing factors of the dimensions of job quality.The third chapter analyses the measure of college graduates’ job quality.On the basis of defining the connotation of job quality,according to Amartya Sen’s capacity approach and graduates’ employment situation in our country,this dissertation constructs job quality with job satisfaction,occupational health and capacity.Using 2014 national social science fund project "College Graduates’Job Quality and its Policy Research" microscopic survey data,this dissertation carrys on the comparative analysis of overall job quality and its dimensions.From dimensions to overall job quality,this dissertation uses two types of aggregation:set intersection operation and arithmetic average method(simple arithmetic mean method and weighted average method of variation coefficient).We find that the overall job quality of college graduates is in a medium level and remains to be promoted,especially occupational health and capacity.The comparative results show that when the degree is higher,the overall job quality is higher,but the occupational health situation is poorer.Male and female have no significant difference in terms of overall job quality,but male is superior to female in capacity.No matter in overall job quality or its dimensions,college graduates who are communists and in state-owned sectors is better.The fourth chapter analyses the influencing factors of college graduates’ job satisfaction.First,we test reliability and validity of job satisfaction scale,and then analyse the current situation of college graduates’ job satisfaction and their individual differences by using descriptive statistics,independent sample t test and variance analysis.The results show that the level of college graduates’ overall job satisfaction is between "somewhat satisfied" and "general satisfaction",and college graduates are most unsatisfied with pay.In terms of individual differences,college graduates who are married,communists and in state-owned sectors have higher job satisfaction.Then,this dissertation analyses the influencing factors of college graduates’ job satisfaction by using multiple regression analysis.Considering college graduates’ job satisfaction is the result of comprehensive effects of many factors and many factors are characteristic of uncertainty,this dissertation uses grey relation analysis method to identify the key factors affecting graduates’ overall job satisfaction.The results of grey relation analysis and regression analysis are basically identical.For college graduates,pay is the most important factors affecting overall job satisfaction,and interest in job itself and satisfaction with superior are important influencing factors second only to pay.The fifth chapter analyses the influencing factors of college graduates’ occupational health.Based on the "College Graduates’ Job Quality and its Policy Research" microscopic survey data,this dissertation analyses the influence of job characteristics on college graduates’ occupational health by using ordered Probit method.According to Job Demands-Resources Model,job characteristics are divided into job demands and job resources.Respectively,job demands include ability demand,working hours,safety risk and irregular change;job resources include income(absolute income and relative income),job control,social support in the workplace(superior support and colleagues,support),promotion opportunities,organizational justice and work meaning.The results show that working hours and safety risk have significant negative effects on occupational health,while job control,organizational justice and work meaning have significant positive effects on occupational health.The higher superior support and promotion prospect are,the better health occupational status is,especially for female graduates.The occupational health status of female graduates with higher absolute income is worse.Irregular change has an adverse effect on junior college graduates’ occupational health,while the negative correlation between absolute income and occupational health is more obvious in undergraduate and graduate employee.The sixth chapter analyses the influencing factors of college graduates’ capacity.With capacity as dependent variable,including wage,benefit,overtime work,work stability,relationship between superior and subordinate,colleague relationship,work ability,promotion opportunity and work meaning as independent variables,and controling individual characteristics and region variables,ordered Probit model is set up.Using the"College Graduates’ Job Quality and its Policy Research" microscopic survey data,this dissertation analyses the factors affecting the capacity of college graduates.The study shows that wage and benefit are important factors affecting the capacity of college graduates.High promotion opportunity and the perception of work meaning can improve college graduates’ capacity,while overtime work is harmful to the capacity of college graduates.Work stability and colleague relationship have significant positive effects on female graduates,but have no significant effects on male graduates.For male college graduates,the higher the education level is,the stronger capacity is.The positive correlation between education and capacity is not obvious in female college graduates.For junior college graduates,the higher work ability is,the higher capacity is;while for undergraduate and graduate employee,the higher work ability is,the lower capacity is.The seventh chapter indicates research conclusions,policy implications and research prospects.We make summary of research conclusions,put forward corresponding policy proposals,point out the deficiency of this dissertation,and look into the future research direction.The innovations of this dissertation can be described as:(1)This dissertation combeds the concept and connotation of job quality,defines and measures college graduates’ job quality from the perspective of employee well-being.Domestic scholars,research on job quality mainly focuses on job characteristics such as labor remuneration.Few studies pay attention to college graduates’ job quality from the angle of employee well-being.This dissertation defines college graduates’ job quality from the perspective of employee well-being,enriching the research of job quality.(2)According to Amartya Sen’s capacity approach of assessing individual well-being,this dissertation constructs job quality with job satisfaction,occupational health and capacity.This makes up for the defect that domestic scholars measure subjective job quality only with job satisfaction.(3)This dissertation analyses the influencing factors of job satisfaction,occupational health and capacity from the perspective of job characteristics,providing detailed bases for the research of the influencing factors of each dimension of job quality.Few studies pay attention to the influencing factors of occupational health and capacity,and the research on the influencing factors of job quality mainly focuses on college graduates’ employment ability,emotional intelligence,non-specialized quality,human capital and social capital.This dissertation analyses the influencing factors of three dimensions of job quality respectively from the perspective of job characteristics,refining and enriching the study of influencing factors of college graduates’ job quality.