On The Human Modernization During The Modernization Of State Governance

Human modernization is the possession of a human being back to himself through objective activities(e.g.working practice)and out-putts(such as products,organizations,institutions,etc.)with constantly self-confirmation and self-development,which means to realize the continuously enhancement and comprehensive construction of subjectivity.Strictly speaking,the human modernization is not a self-prove problem.Without objectivity and counteraction of object,subjectivity would not be reflected and defined.As far as the paper concerned,for the human modernization,modernization of state governance is not just a fashionable ornament or attachment not indispensible,but also an objective background and possible necessary.Apart from the modernization of state governance,it would inevitably fall into self-talking and circular argument while talking about the human modernization.The plurality of subjects and diversity of approaches stay the core of modernization of state governance.The plurality of subjects is constitutive in governance.The modernization of state governance highlights the subjectivity of man who was merely being ruled in the past.There are 2 sections in the human modernization;one is from subjectivity to objectivity,and the other runs in the opposite direction.During the modernization of state governance,the former concentrates on civil rights,which requires the citizens must be granted with corresponding rights so as to participate the governance system;the latter stresses citizenship,which claims the citizens to cultivate abilities and qualities adapted to state governance modernization,in order to ensure the quality and effectiveness of participation.The core of human modernization in the process of state governance modernization is the cultivation and shaping of modern citizens.The paper is composited of4 parts as introduction,theoretical basis,subject and conclusion.The introduction part mainly introduces the background,reason,core concept,research status,research method and so on.Chapter 1 lays theoretical basis for the paper,elaborating Marxism,especially Marx himself on the human modernization.Marx regarded subjectivity rather than objectivity,human standard instead of material standard as origin of coordinate and measurement of modernization by criticizing modernity,which corrected the orientation of modernization.Modernization is the transformation from the first stage of the "human dependency" to the second stage of "the independence of the people based on the dependence of the object",and then on this basis to "building the free personality based on individual development in an all-round way and their common,social productive capacity becomes subordinate to their social wealth".In this possession,the subjectivity of the individual mixed up,conflicted,then unified with the subjectivity of the group,the economic subjectivity and political subjectivity of a human merged,out of balance and finally to a coordination.Considering the construction of subjectivity in the framework of modern democratic politics,Marx dived into the bourgeois "political liberation" progress.Marx first criticized the falsity and partiality of bourgeois civil rights,thus emphasized the positive realization of civil rights and system construction.Marx does not regard civil rights only as a static identity or system,but also as an aspect of dynamic action and practice.So the objective requirement of putting civil rights into exercise and practice mean the proletariats must be qualified with citizenship.The awareness and ability of using civil rights become basic direction to cultivate and shape the proletarian citizenship.Chapter 2,3,4 are the main body.Chapter 2 elaborates the current reality of the human modernization in China,which is the state governance modernization.To understand China's modernization of state governance,one should not only trace back to state theory,especially the evolution of individual and state relations,but also dig into the historical evolution of endogenous in China ' s governance.Governance in China experienced theory gaming and practice evolution among state engulfed the individuals,individuals prior to state,and state prevail individuals,then finally turned to state serve individuals which is a more democratic scientific relationship.Traditionally,governing system in China stress individuals depend on state,people support state,ruling through laws and courtesy,virtue comes before penalty;governing abilities emphasis on ruling by virtue,enhancing oneself,being prepared for danger in times of peace,practicing reform.However,the traditional system excludes people ' s dominant position and lacks of "governor" in management of economic,judicial,military and financial issues,then after Song Dynasty,the administrative system becomes increasingly rigid and management abilities declining,which resulted in the ultimate defeat in competing with the Western countries.In modern times,people with lofty ideals turned to the outside world seeking ways of saving the country,they experienced ideologies and movements of "artifacts","system","new citizens",gradually reached the common view of building a powerful country by shaping the new citizens.In the face of a scattered China,only the Chinese Communist Party managed to arouse and organize the people using Marxist class theory,and finally lead the people won the victory of the new democratic revolution,established a joint state of the workers and peasants,opened the road of modernization of state governance.Especially since the reform and opening up,our party began to systematically and comprehensively think about constructing state governance system in a completely new way.We thought about the problems which were more fundamental,of overall importance,about stability and of long-term consideration,such as the leadership system and the organizational system,making it clear that the party leadership,the people are the masters of the country,ruling by law as the basic elements of promoting state governance modernization.Chapter 3 states the development course,basic contents and approaches of civil rights which play as the outside dimension of human modernization.Civil rights which are the basic of modern citizen theory,support the development of citizens'subjectivity.The structure of the citizens' subjectivity determines the system of civil rights,while the development of the civil rights system promotes the construction of the citizens' subjectivity.Looking into the developing course:in 18th century,private rights calling for satisfying basic survival needs of individuals thrived;in 19th century,political rights represented membership or elector in political communities boomed;and in 20th century,social rights aiming at improving living and development grew vigorously;nowadays,participatory rights reflecting citizens ' initiatives and subjectivity of participating economic and social governance flourishes.Gradually,civil rights come into a system of private rights,political rights,social rights and participatory rights.During the expansion and system construction,civil rights on the one hand shows�the ruling strategy" which the ruling classes applies to ease social conflicts and promote social integration;on the other hand,they are outcomes of bottom classes struggling for better lives,approaches from top to bottom associated with approaches bottom-up constitutes the realistic expansion of civil rights.Chapter 4 is about the development course,basic contents and generative mechanism of citizenship which play as the inside dimension of human modernization.individuals can only constitute community unless being qualified.The community's recognition,which is defined as negative citizenship,is the precondition that one can enjoy his citizenship;the positive citizenship refers to meeting the standards a community requires on the quality of individual,it is critical whether one can enjoy his citizenship.Promoting positive citizenship has become pressing tasks in many countries to improve democratic politics,solve problems of citizenship in contemporary times.The key point of citizenship in the context of state governance modernization lies in its value orientation,need orientation,thinking orientation,spiritual orientation,ability orientation,and personality orientation etc.Therefore a qualified modern citizen must have the right consciousness and self-discipline needs,governance thoughts and public spirit,professional ability and sound personality.However,enumeration of citizenship does not mean the completion of citizenship.Ensuring the realization of citizenship in the promotion of state governance modernization,we must pay more attentions to 4 aspects,including political participation training,market economy cultivation,public life development,civic education shaping.Chapter 5 is the conclusion of this paper,which expounds the goal direction,practical issues,objective conditions and path of constructing human modernization in the process of China's state governance modernization.The goal direction is modern citizen.But at present,the expansion of individualism and instrumental rationality form the value dilemma of human modernization;the lack of governance system and the lack of participation channel form the practical dilemma of human modernization;the traditional culture and the current educational constraints form cultural dilemma of human modernization.Modernization of state governance provides objective conditions and possibilities of solving these problems.The positive and negative effects of state governance modernization on human modernization have determined the need to promote human modernization in accordance with the positive requirements of state governance modernization,enhancing individuals ' consciousness,strengthening individuals ' shaping,protecting civil rights,promoting citizenship,persisting in comprehensive construction of subjectivity,focusing on the continuous realization of the objectivity,accelerating free and comprehensive development of human beings.