Generation, Translation, Interpretation

Tsangyang Gyatso is the Sixth Dalai Lama in the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism,and the famous Tibetan lyric poet at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty.His works have high artistic value and rich cultural connotation.Tsangyang Gyatso poetry is a collection of folk songs and literary creations,which spread through the years among the Tibetan people and are known to almost every household.At the beginning of the twentieth century,Tsangyang Gyatso poetry gradually spread to inland China and abroad and has been turning into an influential international text.In terms of subject ascription,Tsangyang Gyatso poetry belongs to the minority national literature studies in ethnic literature.In terms of cross-cultural communication study,it deals with the international spread of Chinese minority literature.From the interdisciplinary perspective,it undoubtedly belongs to the literature research of international Tibetan studies.This study is a comprehensive sort based on the dissemination and research status of Tsangyang Gyatso poetry in the world,and makes a comparison of the interpretations of Tsangyang Gyatso poetry in different periods and different cultural through a close reading of the text.The aim of this study is to help to build a platform for cultural exchanges and mutual learning,to enhance national confidence and to construct a new national image.The introduction part clarifies the features of Tsangyang Gyatso poetry as both an international version and interdisciplinary version,and emphasizes on Tsangyang Gyatso poetry by putting it against the macro historical,cultural and religious backgrounds.A cross-culture and cross-discipline research method of comparative literature nature is particularly necessary.The study of Tsangyang Gyatso poetry in domestic world started early and there are multi versions about it,but many problems exist,such as subjectively conjecturing writer image,superseding literary research with historical research,putting the theme first and lack of religious viewpoint and so on.On the other hand,although the studies have already formed a relatively complete system based on Tibetology research abroad,misreading oriental literature is widespread,which manifested itself as a kind of "Orientalism".With this situation in view and based on Tibetan history and culture,this study firstly resorts the creation background of Tsangyang Gyatso poetry.What’s more,the study uses the related research results of Mongolian and Tibetan history as well as the three most important overseas commentaries for the first time.At the same time,this study comprehensively collects the relevant research within the scope of the world,analyzes and sums up the characteristics,advantages as well as disadvantages of each of them,and expands the cross-cultural comparison,which has the academic significance to fill the gap.According to the current situation of related historical data record and chaotic clues,the first chapter re-examines the creation context of Tsangyang Gyatso poetry with the help of the Mongolian Tibetan historical research results,which restores the formation situation of the writers and the text in the local context,and draws the outline of the historical image,national culture image and literature history image in the three dimensions,that is,Tibet history,Tibetan culture and Tibetan literature history.This study points out that Tsangyang Gyatso is an important historical figure and"the Sixth Dalai incident" is an important node of the frontier political development at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty.The poetry of Tsangyang Gyatso not only reproduces the social reality of the important historical period by emotional experience,but also reflects the development demand of Tibetan Buddhism thought.In the national culture,he is the"man" filled with human nature and the Holy One,which reflects the religious ethics in Tibetan culture.As a poet,Tsangyang Gyatso combines harmonic folk songs with literature,breaks the traditional Tibetan religious exhortation mode,and provides a new paradigm for religious lyric poems.The second chapter divides the translation and research of Tsangyang Gyatso’s poems in Han culture into three stages,which reveals the stage characteristics of Han Chinese mainstream culture in the process of absorbing and integrating the minority literature.It states that as the literary text of the minority nationality,Tsangyang Gyatso’s poems have double significance,that is,a national identity and the modern transformation in the Chinese cultural circle.Under the trend of globalization,studying ethnic literature,objective interpreting the connotation of religious culture and strengthening the national identity through cultural means have important practical significance and far-reaching historical significance for constructing the culture pattern of "pluralistic integration" and enhancing national cohesion.Chapter three introduces and sorts out the translation and research process of Tsangyang Gyatso’s poetry in the context of western culture comprehensively,which was concluded into three phases,namely the early,middle and recent phase,aiming to illustrate the Western Tibetan studies has shifted gradually from the initial motive to serve colonial expansion to the deep layer of academic exploration.Especially from the beginning of the eighties of the last century,three Tsangyang Gyatso poetry commentaries have gradually come out in western academic circles,which has periodically collected and summarized the research results of Tsangyang Gyatso on overseas in the form of Monographs.However,no comprehensive introduction to and research of this research has been accomplished in China.Therefore,this chapter has the significance to fill the gap in domestic academic researchChapter four makes a classification,explanation and comparison of the typical images,and the topic types from the cross-cultural perspective,investigating the high-frequency words,Tibetan polysemy,honorific and honorific alternating condition,the theme of the possibility of using multiple explanation problems by using the empirical methods such as statistical list,and summarizes the metrical as well as rhetorical features and characteristics of dramatic lyric style of the text,in order to illustrate that the Tsangyang Gyatso poetry as classic texts can offer a broad dialogue space for the exchange and mutual understanding between different cultures.Chapter five analyzes the different standpoints of different interpreters for Tsangyang Gyatso poetry from the theoretical level,illustrating Tsangyang Gyatso poetry as a common focus of different cultures because of its divine thinking for the presence of human being.But these interpretations show great differences in secular ethics,philosophy-oriented domain and research methods,resulting in a lot of ambiguities,which are primarily caused by the binary mode of thinking behind the secular ethics standard.So this thesis advocates religious philosophy thinking beyond the limitation of secular ethics standard.The conclusion part is a summary of the whole study.Through comprehensively collecting,analyzing and comparing the poems of Tsangyang Gyatso in such aspects as national culture,Chinese culture and diachronism in the context of western culture,this research argues that theinternationalization of Tsangyang Gyatso’s poems is closely involved in the divine secularization process,which is not only the initial motivation that readers at home and abroad focused on but also the very issue that must be handled ultimately.In cross-cultural context,the text interpretation process involving this research issue reflects complex and multiple value proposition in different periods and different culture.Thus the similarity or difference of religious philosophy can be manifested through the convergence or divergence of the secular ethics eventually.Tsangyang Gyatso’s poems can be considered as the splendid classics in literature area of the world,and the poet expresses the universal but profound emotion in simple and concise words,reflects the living paradox of the realworld and provides beneficial thoughts on the sec ularization of religious ideals.This research sets up a favourable communciation platfor mfor eliminating the cultural barriers as well as easing international disputes,and provid esconsiderable significance for establishing a positive country image and making "Multi-cultural Unity" come true.