The Early Ming And Qing Dynasty Poetry

Amorous poems are the poems which describe the beauty of woman on the angle of aesthetic criterion on women's body,or narrate love experience between men and women.Amorous poems first appeared in Wei and Jin Dynasties,prospered in Southern Dynasties,and was created greatly in a short time in Mid and Late Tang,Late Yuan and Late Ming Dynasties.And the creation of amorous poems became stable in Qing Dynasty.Due to the particularity of its content(actually this particularity can be related with the anti-moral characteristic of the character "yan"),amorous poems were always opposed or criticized by Confucian conception,while the continuous creation ifself can explain the creative demand of the poets.The creation of amorous poems reflects these questions below:the chase to the beauty of women,the demand of expressing writers' love,the requirement of breaking through the restrictions of traditional moral on literature,the requirement of the functions of literary entertainment.In which the demand of expressing love is mostly important because love is a indispensablly essential factor of human race,and is also one of the reasons that human race could exist and multiply continuously in this world.But Confucian poetic don't advocate the poets to express a pure love in literature while amorous poems always show the pure love of poets.In the expression of this emotion,amorous poems show the unique effect that other poems cannot replace them.In the process of expressing a private emotion,amorous poems can also show the unique attitude of their poets.On the one hand,we can find there are some anti-traditional and subversive content in these poems,on the other hand,the poems could reflect a brand-new emotional factor and thinking mode of the writers,the factor could make a connection with the morden times literature and western literature.Han Wo,Wang Yanhong,Zhu Yizun,Sun Yuanxiang and Gong Zizhen have all showed their distinct characteristic in their amorous poems.There are four parts in this paper:First I analysed the particularity of the character "yan" in exordium,and have found the recessive meaning,that the feature of anti-Confucian moral is the fundamental reason that amorous poems were always criticized by Confucian poetic.I defined amorous poems on this basis,and also made the definition of other concepts which are similar to amorous poems.The main content in chapter one is the origin of amorous poems and its developing history in Wei Jin and Six Dynasties,Tang Dynasty,Song and Yuan Dynasties.I especially put forward that amorous poems which showed the poets' love experience had appeared in Mid and Late Tang Dynasty,and some unique characteristic can be found in these poems.Besides,some amorous poems in Late Yuan Dynasty also showed some new element,which could be regarded as the first sign of amorous poems in Ming Dynasty.Chapter two is the part describes the situation of the amorous poems in Ming Dynasty.Amorous poems in Early Ming can be considered as the continuation of Late Yuan,but the creating tended to be weakened in Late Hongwu Period and Yongle Period,then made a improvement in Jingtai Period.Due to the prevailing of "back to the ancients" in poem in Mid Ming,the creating of amorous poems has been ignored,some poets made their creation becasuse they were more or less out of that atmosphere.The creating of amorous poems has flourished in Late Ming Dynasty because the social custom and life style has been greatly changed,hence poets among all of the poetry school have all created an amount of amorous poems.In which Wang Yanhong was a prominent one,he was the peak of this prosperity,the attitude and ideal of life he showed in amorous poems are extremely rare in the history of Chinese literature.Chapter three described the circumstances of amorous poems in Qing Dynasty.The amorous poems in Early Qing actually inherited the ones in Late Ming,the amount of poems was very large,but something different had also taken place.Due to the dynastic changes between Ming and Qing,bailment has been combined with amorous poems in some circumstance,and this style of amorous poems also could be found in later periods.That means the opposition between amorous poems and Confucian poetic had been weakened and the purport of amorous poems had become fuzzy.On the other side,the expression of love was also continuous after Late Ming,Zhu Yizun's Fenghuaierbaiyun had shown a intention of recording a love experience and making a biography for his lover in a amorous poem,his behavior of undeleting also showed a unique understanding of love.Sun Yuanxiang,Gong Zizhen and Yi Shunding in later period also showed a unique experience and understading of love.In this circumstance,they all showed a heterogeneous factor in their amorous poems inevitably,and became opposited to Confucian poetic,even disposed it.The expression of love will make them had no choice but broke through the bound of element of moral aspect,and showed the feeling and understanding of love in their lives.What exactly amorous poems express for?After summarizing the development history of amorous poems in more than one thousand years,I think there are four pairs of concept can be taken into consideration:emotion and desire,elegance and vulgarity,publicity and privacy,man and woman.No doubtly,the most outstanding works of amorous poems are the ones whick showed the poets' love,that is the mostly common emotion of human race in this world.In a word,amorous poems can be reflected the nature of human and literature,its value of literary history should not be underestimated.Nowadays the concept of literature research has been greatly updated,amorous poems should be re-recognized,the research of amorous poems also should be paid more attetion.