Diversity Pattern Characteristics And Correlation Analysis For Surface Water Body, Soil And Landform

Soil resources and other major geological factors such as landform or water body are closely related to support the production activities and life of human beings.At present,with the rapid development of economy and urbanization,soil and water resources spatio-temporal distribution are always imbalanced while the destruction of soil,land use is more or less not reasonable with such problems as the reduction of vegetation destruction coming more and more obvious and catching deeper attention of from people and society.Pedodiversity has been increasingly regarded as a means of measuring soil that is full of research value and innovation at home and abroad.Although it has made significant progress,how it compared with diversity of other resources is still one of the major problems unsolved.And the development from pedodiversity to geodiversity is gradually growing as a new research trend of soil geography.Given this,the surface water body was as the main body in the study.Then typical sample areas from Henan Province and Jiangsu Province in the central and eastern of China were selected for applying latest theory and measure of soil diversity and spatial grain size method to show the diversity and the relationship with soil and landform.Its purpose is set to implement for the leap from single factor diversity to multi-factor diversity and progress of the methodology.And it could fundamentally change the traditional research model of soil science and soil diversity.To explore distribution patterns of surface water body diversity by the methods of different forms(planar and linear)of surface water body.According to summarize the previous research methods of surface water body diversity from related references,this paper puts forward a new way,namely space distribution length index(MSHDLI).The different forms of diversity measure method were studied in the different case study areas.Results show that between MSHDLI and RD,MSHDAI respectively,is very significant and the average correlation coefficient is at r =0.997 and 0.878(P<0.01),respectively.From the model,it can be found that the three index is linear correlation,and the level of MSHDLI elucidating other two indice above 95%.This means that to a certain extent,MSHDLI can integrate the merits of index RD depicting the breadth in water resource and MSHDAI depicting the discreteness in the spatial distribution of surface water body.It can be used as an important evaluation of the spatial distribution of discrete degree of the surface water body.To analyse the spatial distribution,correlation and stability of pedodiversity and surface water body diversity,and also obtain the distribution information of surface water body resources,the supervised classification of land use in case study areas has been completed before the patterns and correlative analysis between pedodiversity and surface water body diversity has been evaluated based on the spatial grain size method.The results show that during 2000~2013,the correlations between the indices of pedodiversity and the surface water body diversity in Xiangcheng and Wujiang were of the “Stable type”,they were quite stable due to the plain landform while the correlations in Linzhou,Gushi and Lishui were not stable due to the mountain and hill plain while that in Rugao was almost nil due to its highly dense water network.Therefore,it is quite clear that landform,shape and density of the water bodies and human activities are the major factors affecting the correlationship between pedodiversity and surface water body diversity.In addition,it is also conducted to further explore the applicability of the diversity index of the surface water body.The landform elements were added to the soil diversity study.Henan Province is selected as a provincial scale case area to study landform based pedodiversity patterns under the control of large scale landform classification.Results show that there are four different distributions of the landform types inclusive of the plains,hills,mountains and basins in Henan Province.There are 15 soil types of Henan Province(soil group).And it is clearly considered that the landform and the formation of soil and the soil spatial distribution diversity have a close connection,the vast plains of Henan Province give the chao soil distribution a good regional soil forming background conditions while mountainous landform in the mountain valley has a rather narrow area of chao soil distribution.The plain landform chao soil spatial distribution patch number,patch area and diversity index are all high so that in plain landform,the characteristics of the high chao soil spatial distribution of discrete makes the soil as the dominant one.At the same time salt and alkali soil distribution area are only placed mainly on plain landform although with the lowest amount.The soil types of largest area and spatial distribution of soil type of maximum value is cinnamon soil in mountain landform.The cinnamon soil is the dominant soil type in hilly landform.There are some different soils in basin landform edge,but due to its relatively flat landform,mainly composed of Huanghe soil and Shajiang soil.The multi-class geomorphic spatial diversity and its correlation with soil diversity were discussed by using a more detailed landscape classification system.Results showed that the richness of 1st,2nd and 3rd level landform are numbered from 3,12 to 37.The largest spatial distribution and area of 1st level landform are water flowing plain,2nd level landform alluvial and 3rd level landform flood plain,dominating types respectively to the different levels.As soil and geomorphic classification levels are getting finer and the classification number and form composition diversity values are accordingly on the rise trend.That is to say,soil and geomorphic types are both growing higher either in richness number or diversity values.Soil classification is a more detailed classification system than geomorphic classification system with its larger range change of the bifurcation rations.Between 1st level landform and soil group,soil subgroup and soil family there exists the closest tie while the correlation between landform water flowing plain and diversity of soil group is the strongest.Among them,the water flowing plain and soil group and soil subgroup are all related,and 99% of the soil family is also related.Henan Province is selected as a case study area to study the characteristics and correlation between among landform,soil and surface water body diversity patterns.Results show that landform and soil are closely related with high correlation,of which the coefficient r is higher than 50%,being over 76%.In all the six regions,the region in the east of the province is composed of solely plain and comes the second in MSHDLI value,which means the water system is well developed in the region,while the region in the west of the province is rather complicated in landform and dominated with mountains and hence the lowest in MSHDLI value is the lowest,which demonstrates that the water system in the region is developed very simply because of mountains.In the case that the six regions are similar in area,the value of soil group composition diversity depends mainly on evenness of the distribution of different types of soil in area,and the two are negatively related,with determination coefficient R2 being 0.94.To sum up,landform,soil and surface water body are the three main elements closely related to each other,affecting each other and jointly determining spatial distribution of geodiversity of a region.