The Study Of Circulating MicroRNAs Signature And Applications In Different Types Of Physical Exercise

microRNAs(miRNAs)are small non-coding RNAs that can regulate the expression of targeted proteins by degrading mRNAs molecules or by inhibiting their translation.It has been predicted that miRNAs regulate approximately 60%of protein-coding genes and almost every genetic pathway that could be involved a wide range of physiological.Physical exercise induce changes in extracellular and intracellular signaling that influence the expression of genes controlling mitochondrial synthesis,skeletal muscle metabolism and inflammation,ultimately lead to improvement of physical fitness.miRNAs play important roles in exercise induced physical adaptations,and can be new potential biomarkers capable of evaluating exercise performance capacity and monitoring health-related adaptation changes.It was recently discovered that miRNAs are released into the circulation(circulating miRNAs,c-miRNAs)where they are highly stable,and various physical exercise can change the distribution profiles of c-miRNAs.c-miRNAs can be transported to other cells and possibly involved in cell-to-cell communication in an endocrine manner.This field is almost in its infancy and the majority of previous studies were focused on the impact of endurance exercise on the c-miRNAs levels,little is known about how other exercise mode influence the expression patterns of c-miRNAs.In the present thesis we explored the expression profiles and potential applications of c-miRNAs in different types of non-endurance physical exercise.We separately investigated the impact of resistance exercise(RE),high-intensity interval exercise(HIIE)and sprint interval cycling(SIC)on the expression profiles of c-miRNAs in the second chapter.(1)In the first section of the second chapter we examined the effects of three RE protocols with different intensity on c-miRNAs expression profiles by TaqMan Low Density Array(TLDA)and Real-Time PCR(qRT-PCR).The results revealed that the levels of two miRNAs(miR-208b and miR-532-5p),six miRNAs(miR-133a,miR-133b,miR-206,miR-181a,miR-21 and miR-221)and two miRNAs(miR-133a and miR-133b)in circulation changed significantly in response to the low,moderate and high intensity RE protocols separately.In addition,plasma levels of five miRNAs(miR,208b,miR-532-5p,miR-221,miR-133a and miR-133b)were correlated with traditional blood parameters(hormones,muscle damage biomarker and inflammation-related cytokines).(2)In the second section we examined the impact of new HIIE and compared the difference impact of HIIE and conventional vigorous-intensity continuous exercise(VICE)on c-miRNAs expression profiles.The levels of sixteen miRNAs(miR-1,miR-133a,miR-133b,miR-206,miR-499,miR-122,miR-16,miR-485-5p,miR-147a,miR-518f-3p,miR-517a,miR-553,miR-888,miR-509-5p,miR-520f and miR-522-3p)in circulation were markedly changed in response to HIIE and VICE when compared to their basal level.Five miRNAs in circulation(miR-1,miR-133a,miR-485-5p,miR-147a and miR-518f)showed different expression when compared HIIE and VICE.(3)The results of the third section showed that five miRNAs(miR-1,miR-133a,miR-133b,miR-206 and miR-122)responded to SIC.Plasma levels of four miRNAs(miR-1,miR-133b,miR-206 and miR-122)correlated to blood parameters or biomarkers of individual exercise performance capacity.(4)In the fourth section,we predicted the potential target genes associated withexercise-related adaptations(metabolism?immune and angiogenesis)of the above c-miRNAs by using multiple miRNA target prediction algorithm and Gene Ontology Consortium.In addition,we made a summary of the identified target genes associated with exercise-related adaptations of the above miRNAs.In conclusion,we found different types of exercise can specially change plasma levels of muscle-related miRNAs(miR-1,miR-133a,miR-133b,miR-206,miR-208b,miR-181a and miR-499-3p),metabolism-related miRNA(miR-122),inflammation-related miRNA(miR-21)and angiogenesis-related miRNA(miR-221).The close correlations between the levels of specially changed c-miRNAs and conventional paramaters suggest the potential value of c-miRNAs as new biomarkers to evaluate exercise performance capacity and monitor exercise-related responses.