Response Of Ecosystem Services To The Core Area Of Zhengzhou & Kaifeng Integration

With the rapid growing of urbanization,urban landscape continues to sprawl outside in recent decades.Under the background of urbanization,there is an obvious unidirectional characteristic in the transformation of surface landscape that natural and semi-natural land use types(forest land and cultivated land)were converted to construction land.These conversions can drive socioeconomic progress in short term,however,they also bring series of problems,such as land degradation,soil erosion.environmental pollution and so on.Thus.The urbanization area was to be the ecological fragile region.From the ecology viewpoint,energy flow,material flow and information flow of the ecosystem on the earth's surface are weakened or destroyed by human disturbance.Some ecosystem services are changed,converted or even disappeared.The study area is the linking area between Zhengzhou city and Kaifeng city,which is a typical area of rapid urbanization region.In the past ten years or so.there are large changes of landscape pattern in study area in the effect of "Central Plain Cities Plain","Zheng&Bian New District Planning" and "Zheng&Bian Industrial Belt Planning".But how much the landscape pattern changes and how it effects the local environment is the urgent and inevitable problem for local government and people.This paper take Zheng&Bian linking area for instance to study the respoonses of ecosystem services to landscape pattern changes.This study tries to test the implementation of national policy and provides a decision reference to solve the environmental problems in China.The main conclusions are shown as follows:1.In study area,the best landscape pattern study scale is 20m�20m and the proper gradient analysis scale is 1000m radius extent.2.Number of Patches(NP),Total Edge(TE).Largest Patch Index(LPI).Shannon's Diversity Index(SHDI).Perimeter Area Fractal Dimension(PAFRAC)and Percentage of Landscape(PLAND)were selected to analyze the landscape pattern in study area.Some results are shown below:For landscape level,from 2005?2015,the whole landscape fragmentation has increased about 32.38%and the main fragment period is 2010?2015.The area of dominate landscape type was decreased which indicated fragmentation has a larger impact on cultivated landscape.From the gradient analysis,the landscape pattern of both ends(east and west)in study area experience a larger change than the middle.The landscape in west end changes larger than in the east.The west end changes mainly dues to patch number,patch shape and anthropogenic influence,but the patch types in the east change more rapidly than in the west.For class level,water area is not the domain landscape,covering 3.68%to 5.37%of the total study area.From 2005 to 2015,both the total area and average area are increasing gradually,but the number of water patch decreases gradually.Water landscape pattern is changed mainly due to anthropogenic influence from 2005 to 2010.That is because a lot of artificial lake emerged in that period.Cultivated land is the dominant landscape and its area change is the largest in study area.The percentage of cultivated land was decreased from 79.01%(2005)to 60.01%(2015).Human disturbance have a large effect on cultivated landscape,leading to a less complex boundary and a more landscape fragmentation.The patch number and total area of forest were increasing.The plantation emerges in large numbers,which is the main reason for the change of forest landscape pattern.The shape of plantation is relatively regular in remote sensing image.Construction land is subdominant landscape type in study area.In the past ten years,the percentage of construction land increase 1.5 times(from 9.20%to 23.84%).From landscape pattern metrics analysis,landscape fragmentation had little effect on construction land and the shape of construction land is relatively regular.Unused land area is relatively small in study.Both its area and patch number decreased gradually,which indicates the land use intensity is increasing.Some large unused land patches appeared in 2005 to 2010,because the a large number of abandoned land emerged by removal.3.The most new conversed construction land was once cultivated land.Unused land mainly converts to construction land.The increase of forest and water area were mainly from cultivated land.Cultural factors is the major driving forces in landscape pattern change from 2005 to 2015,especially in 2005 to 2010.4.An optimized Markov model is used to predict the landscape change of study area in 2020.The prediction showed the current landscape change failed to achieved the expected goal.If government want to achieve the planning objective,they shall accelerate the construction progress.5.Carbon Sequestration(regulating Services),Habitat Quality(supporting services),Landscape Aesthetics(cultural services).and Wheat Yield(provisioning services)were selected and studied.The result shows all of them were in decline generally.6.The relationship among the ecosystem services were classed into five classes:tradeoff,synergy,unidirectional relationship,complex relationship and change relationship.Two study modes were used to assess and contrast the relationships among the ecosystem services in two periods.This paper showed Carbon Sequestration and Landscape Aesthetics is lvl synergy relationship,the same as Wheat Yield and Habitat Quality.7.Species and Habitat analyzing method in biology was introduced to study the response of ecosystem service to landscape pattern change.The result showed,there is a significant positive correlation between three ecosystem services(Carbon Sequestration,cultural services and Wheat Yield)and LPI.The other four landscape pattern metrics present a negative correlation with three ecosystem services.We studiedthe responses of ecosystem services to landscape pattern changes in Zheng&Bian Integration region,which can help to understand the impact of urbanization to environment.This study provide useful suggestions of ecosystem service management that can provide references to policy-making.