A Revision Of The Asopinae From China And The Study Of DNA Taxonomy Of Arma,Carbula And Eysarcoris (Hemipetra:Pentatomidae)

This dissertation deals with the taxonomic revision of the subfamily Asopinae (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) from China and the DNA taxonomy of three genera, Arma (Asopinae), Carbula (Pentatominae) and Eysarcoris (Pentatominae), based on COI and cytb sequences. Three parts are included:introduction, taxonomic revision and DNA taxonomy.The introduction briefly introduces the research history of Asopinae and DNA taxonomy, provides the descriptions of the general morphology and genital characters, the materials and methods used in the dissertation, abbreviations, measurements and the summary of biology and economic importance of Asopinae are also provided.The taxonomy part treats with17genera57species of Asopinae from China.6species are described as new to the science.3new synonyms and1reinstate synonym are proposed, and1species is newly recorded to China.New species:Amyotea lata Zhao, Bu&Liu,2011; Picromerus elevatus Zhao, Liu&Bu,2013; Cecyrina rubra sp. nov.; Cecyrina flavimacula sp. nov.; Cecyrina flata sp. nov.; Cecyrina parva sp. nov.New synonyms:Cazira membrania Zhang&Lin,1982(=Cazira emeia Zhang&Lin,1982); Cazira sichuana Zhang&Lin,1986(=Cazira frivaldszkyi Horvath,1889); Pinthaeus humeralis Horvath,1911(=Pinthaeus sanguinipes (Fabricius,1781)).Reinstate synonym:Arma chinensis Fallou,1881was recovered as a synonym of Arma custos (Fabricius,1794).Chinese new record:Eocanthecona shikokuensis (Esaki&Ishihara,1950).This dissertation offers the keys to the genera from China and to the species of each genus of Asopinae. Redescriptions of important characters, the updated distributional information, and the original descriptions of the unchecked species are provided. Most of the type specimens deposited in China were checked and we also checked some type specimens which deposited in other countries via the aid of colleagues. The detailed descriptions of species,43illustrations of male genitalia,144photographs of dorsal and ventral habitus,88photographs of female and male genitalia are provided. Citations for each taxon are listed.The last part is the DNA taxonomy of three genera Arma, Carbula and Eysarcoris. The COI gene fragments (about600bp) and cytb gene fragments(Arma genus about410bp, Carbula genus about720bp) were amplified and sequenced. This research sampled19individuals of3species in Arma genus,50individuals of6species in genus Carbula and70individuals of10species in genus Eysarcoris and1sequence from GenBank as aimed objects, the data of gene COI and cytb were sequenced to construct phylogenetic tree, calculate genetic distance and compute nucleotide polymorphism. The result shows that all the genetic distance among the genus Arma are less than0.02, the genetic distance between Arma custos and Arma koreana, Arma chinensis and Arma koreana, is0.1113and0.1079respectively, but the distance between Arma custos and Arma chinensis is0.0125, which supports the latter two are the same species. Meanwhile, the phylogenetic tree construction also denied the monophyly of them respectively. So both of the morphological and molecular data of our research show a strong tendency to the reinstate synonym of Arma chinensis as Arma custos. The interspecific genetic distance among the genus Carbula is smaller than0.01, while the intraspecific ones ranges from0.075to0.15, besides0.004between Carbula humerigera and Carbula putoni. According to the average interspecific distance, the genetic distance between the two is more likely to be an interspecific one. The phylogenetic tree reveals that some haplotypes of C. putoni gathered together and paraphylied with the other haplotypes of C. humerigera. The monophyly of C. humerigera and C. putoni were strongly supported (the PP of BI is1.00and the BP of ML is100) in every tree. Morphologically, the appearence of C. humerigera and C. putoni can’t be recognized from each other, the disecction of male genitalia shows little distinction in paramere, which can also be found intraspecifically, indicating that this character can’t be used as diagnosis. So, based on the morphological and molecular data, we consider C. humerigera and C. putoni as the same species and will propose formally after checking the type specimens. The average interspecific genetic distance among the genus Eysarcoris varies from0.003 to0.039, while the intraspecific ones ranges from0.062to0.192. The intraspecific distance of sibling species is much smaller than that of distant species. Phylogenetic tree showed the monophyly of two species whose intraspecific distance is small. Besides, the outcome based on genetic distance and phylogenetic tree construction both support the opinion of Josifov&Kerzhner (1978), which proposed the synonym of Eysarcoris parvus. Consequently, the research showed DNA taxonomy can provide the new ideas and new perspective, and can be combined with morphology and other data to resolve the taxonomy.The type specimens of new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China, except noted.