| The genera Dichomeris and Helcystogramma belong to the subfamily Dichomeridinae of the family Gelechidae. A systematic study on the two genera is accomplished in the present dissertation, which comprises four parts:the general account, the material and methods, the systematic account and the biogeographic analysis.In the general account, different taxonomic systems of the superfamily Gelechioidea and the family Gelechiidae are briefly introduced, the knowledge of the subfamily Dichomeridinae and its taxonomic systems are outlined on a worldwide basis; the research history as well as the current research status of the genera Dichomeris and Helcystogramma are summarized, the detailed morphological characters of the two genera are introduced along with illustrations of head, venation, male genitalia and female genitalia; the general information of the biology and the distribution is provided.In the systematic account, a total of 188 species are recorded in China, including 68 new species, nine newly reported species for China, and two new synonyms; 12 previously unknown females are described and one misidentification is clarified; 34 species groups in Dichomeris are recognized by the cladistic analysis based on based on 72 morphological characters of 55 taxa,21 of which are newly proposed; five species groups in Helcystogramma are arranged based on the forewing patterns and the genital characters.68 new species (three new species have been published) are as follows:Dichomeris acrilobatasp. nov., D. splendiptera sp. nov., D. basicornuta sp. nov., D. bilonga sp. nov., D. cervicornuta sp. nov., D. imagitostella sp. nov., D. largiloba sp. nov., D. plexibursa sp. nov., D. quadratiloba sp. nov., D. gangliiformis sp. nov., D. tenulobata sp. nov., D. brevissima sp. nov., D. dupluncata sp. nov., D. micrancistrd sp. nov., D. aviformis sp. nov., D. biprojecta sp. nov., D. digitaliformis sp. nov., D. obtusapex sp. nov., D curvilobata sp. nov., D. flavifasciaria sp. nov., D. gracilifasciaria sp. nov., D. latibasis sp. nov., D. latilobata sp. nov., D. wolongensis sp. nov., D. largimacularis sp. nov., D. grandipalpa sp. nov., D. hainanensis sp. nov., D. basiprojecta sp. nov., D. curva sp. nov., D. dentiformis sp. nov., D. exicurva sp. nov., D.flavalba sp. nov., D. foliiformis sp. nov., D. guangxiensis sp. nov., D. imagiquadrifurca sp. nov., D. imagisexafurca sp. nov., D. mirilobata sp. nov., D. peniticurva sp. nov., D. dexilobata sp. nov., D. semiorbiculata sp. noy., D. basiquadrata sp. nov., D. breviclavata sp. nov., D. flavipalpa sp. nov.. D. gracilaedeaga sp. nov., D. gradata sp. nov.. D. ciriprojecta sp. nov., D. extraria sp. nov., D. furcilobata sp. nov., D. fuscfasciaria sp. nov., D. longifasciaria sp. nov., D. rhombica sp. nov., D. selliformis sp. nov., D. tetraphylla sp. nov., D. tibetensis sp. nov., D. trifurcata sp. nov., D. duplicornuta sp. nov., D. hamulifera Li, Zhen et Kendrick, 2010, D. argentenigera Li, Zhen et Kendrick,2010, D. parvisexafurca Li, Zhen et Kendrick,2010; Helcystogramma imagibicuneum sp. nov., H. flavifuscum sp. nov., H. brevinodium sp. nov., H. albilepidotum sp. nov., H. angustum sp. nov., H. flavistictum sp. nov., H. furvimaculare sp. nov., H. imagitrijunctum sp. nov. and H. rectangulum sp. nov.Nine species are newly recorded for China:Dichomeris moriutii Ponomarenko et Ueda,2004 (published), D. tostella Stringer,1930, D. hoplocrates (Meyrick,1932); Helcystogramma bicuneum (Meyrick,1911),H. epicentra (Meyrick,1911), H. flavilineolella Ponomarenko,1998, H. perelegans (Omelko et Omelko,1993), H. fuscomarginatum Ueda,1995 and H. lutatella (Herrich-Schaffer, 1854).The previously unknown females of the following 12 species are firstly described:Dichomeris gansuensis Li et Zheng,1996, D. ochreala Park el Hodges,1995, D. litoxyla Meyrick,1937, D. manticopodina Li et Zheng,1996, D.fuscusitis Li et Zheng,1996, D. neixiangensis Li et Wang,1999, D. amphichlora (Meyrick,1923), D. crambaleas (Meyrick,1913), D. lushanae Park et Hodges,1995; Helcystogramma epicentra (Meyrick,1911) and H. hassenzanensis Park et Hodges,1995.Two new synonyms are established:Dichomeris ochreata Park et Hodges,1995 (=D. lativalvata Li et Zheng,1996 syn. nov.) and D. autometra (Meyrick,1934) (=D. nivalis Li et Zheng,1996 syn. nov.)34 species groups of Dichomeris in China are included:the acuminata group, the rufumbrina group, the longijuxtella group, the rectifascia group, the ferrogra group, the gansuensis group, the oceanis group, the spicans group, the symmetrica group, the fungifera group, the simaoensis group, the apicispina group, the hamulifera group, the microsphena group, the fuscusitis group, the hoplocrates group, the christophi group, the loxospila group, the autometra group, the curvilobata group, the flavifasciaria group, the gracilifasciaria group, the largimacularis group, the okadai group, the hainanensis group, the heriguronis group, the pyrroschista group, the rasilella group, the cymatodes group, the japonicella group, the lushanae group, the oxycarpa group, the bimaculata group, the duplicornuta group. And five species groups of Helcystogramma in China are reported:the hibisci group, the trijunctum group, the flavilineolella group, the triannulella group and the perelegans group.The distribution of species groups in both Dichomeris and Helcystogramma are primarily analyzed by maps, and the geographical distribution of all the Chinese Dichomeris species in both the world and the Chinese regions is listed by tables. The result shows that the Dichomeris species in China are mainly distributed in the Oriental Region, mostly occurring in the east part of this country, with species richness reducing gradually from south to north and from east to west. It is highly endemic at species level in China, with high diversity and the rare occurrence of the widespread species. The genus Helcystogramma in China is found mainly in the central and southern parts.The keys to distinguish the known species groups and species in Dichomeris and Helcystogramma are provided respectively. Synonyms and citations of each taxon are listed; the detailed morphological characters, the available data on the geographical distribution and the host plants are included; the photographs of the adults, the male and female genitalia, the venation of some species in Dichomeris and the male eighth tergite in Helcystogramma are provided.All the studied specimens, except stated otherwise, are deposited in the Insect Collection, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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