A Research Of Grain Reserves Security In Northeast

Grain security is always overall significant strategy issues concerning ournational economic development, social stability and a county’s capability forself-reliance. It is of importance, to guarantee our grain security, for reaching the goalof building well-off society in an all-around way, structuring a harmonious socialistsociety and promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside. China has alarge population, so there is a great demand in grain but the foundation of grainsecurity is weak. From development tendency, the demand of grain will presentrigidity growth with development of industrialization and urbanization, accretion inpopulation and growth in the living standards. While the restraint in grain productionby farmland shrinking, water shortage, climate change and so forth is more and moreobvious. Our country’s supply-demand of grain will in tight balance in a long termand to guarantee grain security is confronted with rigorous challenge. As a criticalpart of guaranteeing grain security, grain reserves links grain production andconsumption and it takes a cushioning effect on fluctuations in supply-demand andprice. Consequently, it is of importance to research the issues of grain reserves,analyze sorts of factors of safety reserves, discuss the way to function grain reserves,thus building rational size of grain reserves and enhancing the operating efficiency ofreserves system. Northeast region is the major grain producing areas in China, so it istypically to analyze its grain reserves security. The thesis is based on Marxist basicagriculture theory and reserve theory, and researches into the problems of grainproduction and circulation in northeast, the factors influencing the reserves security,risk characteristics, evaluation criterion, supporting measures and so forth, on thatbasis it puts forward policy proposals.Potential risk of grain security is not a certain factor or in certain region, it canexist in any link, like production, consumption, circulation and so forth. The issue ofgrain security has the feature of systematic risk, so it has to analyze grain production,circulation and consumption as a whole when research grain reserves security. Graincomprehensive productive capacity is the core and foundation to guarantee grain reserves security, thus only by guaranteeing to produce required quality and a certainamount grain in peacetime, to ensure enough grain during circulation and to makeconsumers buy qualified grain as they required can grain reserves function be realizedand grain security be guaranteed. Grain reserves security is the important guaranteefor achieving the goal of grain consumption. Grain consumption must be guaranteednot only in amounts and structure, but also everyone’s consumption on grain. Thequality of grain must meet people’s higher and higher requirement of food nutritionand safety. Grain circulation is the basis of achieving the function of grain reserves,and its influence on grain reserves mainly shows in aspect of size. Rural populationgradually move into cities and the structure of grain consumption has changed withmore obvious regional division of labor in agricultural products, the amount of graincirculation in future will distinctly increase and bottleneck problem in circulation willmore and more prominent, so it is important to build modern grain circulation systemto play the role of grain reserves. The growth of grain circulation rate can enhance thestandard of grain supply and security and lower the cost of reserves which will makemarket price of grain called ‘price foundation’ stabilize in reasonable range,consequently promote national economy develop sustainably and steadily.The basic goals of grain reserves can be decided as four so as to analyze theinfluencing factors of grain reserves security: the goal of grain security, stabilizingincome, stabilizing price and improving return. Further divided, the goals can beconcluded as six: first is adjusting grain supply-demand relation and realizing thebalance of supply and demand; second is protecting grain producers economic benefitand at the same time guaranteeing consumers basic demand; third is stabilizing thelevel of prices; forth is ensuring good market order; fifth is offsetting the gaps ofamounts and adjusting variety structure through trade regulation; sixth is handlingwith the emergency like natural accidents.Reasonable reserve size, structure and layout are needed in order to realize thegoal of grain reserves. Country’s capability of macro-control in grain and the level ofgrain security could both be enhanced if grain reserves scales up, but it wouldincrease the cost of grain reserves and put pressure on land resources; shrink the sizeof grain reserves can save the cost of it, but it will lower country’s macro-control capability on grain which could lead to grain insecurity. Therefore, it must inspect thechanges on nation’s grain production and consumption, in addition, build andmaintain a decent size of grain reserves. Only in this way can grain security beguaranteed and can government financial expenditure be reduced. The structure andlayout of grain reserves directly relates to realize the function of grain reserves. Ifadjust the variety mix and layout of reserves to make it match to the structure andlayout of consumption demand according to grain variety structural and regionaldemand, then when grain supply-demand situation is out of balance, it could berecovered by moving excess inventory and supplementing grain supply timely, whichtake obvious effect on promoting normal grain market operation, thus grain securitywill be at a high level. On the contrary, it will raise distribution cost and increasedistribution difficulty of grain reserves and result in food gap in space or time if thegrain inventory structure and layout does not match to consumption demand structureand layout, which will leads to grain insecurity situation and influence economicdevelopment and people’s life.There are three criterions to evaluate grain reserves security: first iscontrollability. It mainly refers to how to avoid risk and how to define the border ofrisk. Government is the main part in controllability. It needs to judge the situation inwhich risk in micro level turns to overall risk, including individual risk turning tointegrated risk, transmission between foreign risk and domestic risk and controllingon potential risk. Second is economy. In situation of market economy, fullcompetition results in balance price, as main part of microeconomy, it pursueminimum cost and maximum return. Basic laws of economics and market principlecan not be ignored but only emphasizing social goal by realizing the goal of grainreserves security. In this way, it not only can achieve economy benefit of microsubject and make micro-mechanism work, but also can enhance the ability of defuserisk and realize the goal of grain security by effective regulation. Third iscoordination. Realizing the goal of grain reserves security needs to seek balancebetween micro bodies and government’s aim. In other words, it needs to keep thebalance between economy and controllability, and then achieve coordination betweenthem. During coordination, they can not substitute each other. It can not damage micro subject benefit by temporarily defusing risk; neither endangers overall safety atthe cost of ensuring the benefit of micro subject.It should take following measures for guaranteeing grain reserves security innortheast according to the evaluated criterion of grain reserves security: first isproceeding farmland protection and enhance comprehensive producing capability;second is increasing infrastructure input; third is improving high-tech supportingcapability; forth is completing market circulation system; fifth is properly adjustingreserves layout; last is setting up policy as guarantee.