Research On Energy-efficiency WSN Routing Technology Based On The Node Location

As a new self-organizing wireless network, wireless sensor networks (WSN) have the amplitude application foreground in many domains. WSN are integrating of the signal detecting, processing and communication, they have many characteristics, such as non-infrastructure, denseness random deployment, short-haul broadcasting, self-organizing, hops routing and cooperation etc. However the WSN node has small cubage, lower transmitting power, limited energy (usually battery power supply), and forwards data by the self-organizing hops routing. The node should be charged with another node’s data routing, except that it accomplishes the collection and processing the information. Hence, how to using effectively the limited energy, reducing the wasted energy of the node, is a chiefly problem in the design and implement WSN routing, and also is a continuance attention hotspot by the researchers. Supposing that the node location is known, the dissertation researches the energy-efficiency WSN routing technology based on the node location, focusing on analyzing the energy-efficiency and network lifetime, and solves the WSN energy problem effectively by reducing the number of the data forwarding times and the packet collisions.The dissertation mainly contains the following contents and innovations:First, the dissertation presents the WSN’s characteristics, applications and status in detail, further investigates the data gathering model, energy wasted model, cross-layer design and data aggregation, focusing on analyzing the routing technology characteristics, realizations, existing problems and research significations.Second, the dissertation studies the energy-efficiency routing algorithm based on the node location from the selection forwarding node. The dissertation focuses on studing the forwarding node selection strategy using the node’s location, and designs the four geographic routing (GR) algorithms through analyzing the combination of the distance and angle.Using NS-2 simulator, the performances of the four GRs and the directed diffusion(DD) algorithms are analyzed in the number of forwarding nodes、data forwarding times、packet collisions、data redundancy and energy wasted. Then the dissertation proposes the two routing algorithms:one is the routing algorithm based on location (RABL) using the hexagon to cover the WSN detecting area. RABL decreases the energy wasted, compared with DD, Activecast and Flooding; another one is alternant routing based on transport radius multiple (ARBTRM) using the the ring to cover the WSN detecting area. Compared with BPS (Optimized Broadcast Protocol for Sensor Networks), ARBTRM improves the energy-efficiency effectly and prolongs the network lifetime.Third, the dissertation studies the energy-efficiency clustering routing algorithm based on the node location from clustering. As the clustering structure has better network scaling, is easier to manage energy, balance loads and assign resources etc.. Clustering is becoming an effective method to solve the WSN energy problem. The dissertation proposes the location aware clustering routing (LACR) algorithm using the hexagon to cover the network area. The algorithm imports the two parameters of the angle ratio and distance ratio, making the node itself to become the clustering head and selecting its members by the location. Compared with GAF (Geographic Adaptive Fidelity) and LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), LACR not only improves the energy-efficiency and balances the node’s energy wasted, but also is realized easily and has lower control loads.Fourth, the dissertation researches the cooperative routing algorithm based on the node location from cooperative communication, proposes the cooperative routing algorithm based on the location (CRABL), which aims at the selection cooperative nodes problem. The algorithm selects the cooperative communication nodes and its member nodes by the distance parameter, improves the energy-efficiency through the cooperative communication.Theoretical analysis and the simulation results show that CRABL not only improves the energy-efficiency effectly, but also is realized easily and has lower control loads. Meanwhile, CRABL improves the energy-efficiency and prolongs the network lifetime, compared with DD and LEACH.Fifth, the dissertation studies the cross-layer energy-efficiency routing algorithm from cross-layer design. Researches indicate that cross-layer optimization design can improve energy-efficiency highly by integrating the information of the physical, MAC, network or the application layer. Supposing that the node location is known, the dissertation proposes cross-layer location routing algorithm (CLRA), which is to optimize the sleeping wake-up strategy in MAC layer combined with the forwarding node selection strategy in routing layer, and the node’s sleeping time is controled using the information in the application layer. CLRA improves the energy-efficiency, compared with BPS and GAF algorithm.The dissertation summaries lastly and points out the contents and directions for the future research.