Research On The Entrepreneurship Policy System Of Chinese College Students

Entrepreneurship is the engine of social economic development. Since 1990s, with the advent of economic globalization and knowledge economy, entrepreneurship has played a more important role in economic growth and drawn much attention from each nation’s government. Encouraging entrepreneurship and innovation and bringing entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial spirit into play, as a national strategy, has been adopted by one nation after another in recent years. At present, China’s economic development enters the adjustment phase, transferring from a factor-driven mode to an innovation-driven mode. Scientific and technological progress and comprehensive innovation will become the fundamental power of China’s economic development. Li Keqiang prime minister in 2015, "government work report" in put forward "to promote public entrepreneurship, innovation".It could be concluded that entrepreneurship has been involved in the national important agenda and lifted to the height of national strategy. Entrepreneurship is of particular importance to China.College students’ entrepreneurship is an important part of the social entrepreneurship. Researches show that the choice of entrepreneurship and the success of entrepreneurship are influenced by multiple factors. Since entrepreneurship is featured by environmental dependence, fostering a favorable entrepreneurship environment is crucial to guarantee the success of entrepreneurship. As one major component of the entrepreneurship environment, entrepreneurship policy is closely related to entrepreneurship. It is also the key factor influencing the choice of entrepreneurship and the success of entrepreneurship. Chairman Mao said in the past: policy and strategy are the life of the Party. Policy is related to the fall and rise of China, people’s interests and social stability. Economical development relies on technological progress, while policy plays a vital role. Therefore, it is of priority to find out how to scientifically formulate entrepreneurship policies, how to integrate all entrepreneurship policies in different fields and how to design an entrepreneurship policy system able to adapt to external environment changes. The above tasks are not only connected to the smooth development of entrepreneurship but also important for China to achieve the goal of economic transition and sustainable economic development under the new mode. They could bring effective encouragement to entrepreneurs.The effect of entrepreneurship policies relies on the holistic effect, while the holistic effect of the policy system could be labeled as positive effect or negative effect. If the policies’holistic effect overweighs the sum of different unit policies’effects, it is the positive effect. Otherwise, it is negative. In recent years, central and local governments have introduced favorable entrepreneurship policies to stimulate college students to be involved in entrepreneurship. Yet, China still does not have a perfect entrepreneurship policy system because of the lack of theoretical basis and guidance in formulating and implementing entrepreneurship policies, the shortage of systematic principle and comprehensive principle in formulating entrepreneurship policies and the unsatisfactory effects of policies’implementation. China has these disadvantages because the entrepreneurship begins late in China and the practice of the college students entrepreneurship policy has just more than a decade history.From an academic perspective, in the current situation of researches, most of relative research achievements focus on the concrete content of college students’ entrepreneurship policies, especially unit policies, such as entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship environment and entrepreneurship financing. There are few theories and researches to analyze the relation between different unit policies from the perspective of system. In order to bring the positive effect of the college students entrepreneurship policy system into play, the academia should not only concentrate on entrepreneurship unit policies, but also perfect entrepreneurship policy system, evaluate the relations between different unit policies and find out how to form an interactive mode between different unit policies under the system framework. These could lead to a better holistic effect of the entrepreneurship policies.This thesis applies theory standards and positive analysis into the research based on a systematic perspective and a policy analysis perspective. It uses scientific theory framework to study the relations between the entrepreneurship education policy, the entrepreneurship financing policy, the entrepreneurship environment policy, the commercial support policy and other factors in the college students’entrepreneurship policy system in China. It also analyzes the internal relation between different unit policies and their influence on college students’ entrepreneurship. According to the study and the analysis, this thesis would like to find out problems of the entrepreneurship policy system in stimulating entrepreneurship and put forward strategies and approaches to improve college students’ entrepreneurship policy system.The content of this thesis involves seven parts:The first part is introduction. This part introduces the research context, the significance of the research and summarizes the current situation of domestic and foreign researches. Then, it talks about the research way of thinking and the main content, explaining research approaches and new ideas in this thesis.The second part is the core concepts and theoretical analysis framework. This part gives the definition of related concepts in entrepreneurship policy system from a theoretical research perspective. According to the analysis of domestic and foreign entrepreneurship policy system and the internal integrity of entrepreneurship motivation, entrepreneurship skills and entrepreneurship opportunities, this part uses theories and models to analyze the matching and causality relationship between different unit policies’ elements for the purpose of establishing the theoretical analysis framework of the college students’entrepreneurship policy system.The third part is the development of the college students entrepreneurship policy system in China. In the context of universities’expanded recruitment and college students’ entrepreneurship practice and from a historical perspective, this part comprehensively reviews and studies the origin, the development phase and the policy practice of the college students entrepreneurship policy system in China. It also analyzes and concludes the internal regularity and features of the development of the college students entrepreneurship policy system in China and makes a positive analysis of the implementation effects of the policy system through relevant dataThe fourth part is the composition and structural features of the college students entrepreneurship policy system in China. Under the theoretical analysis framework of this thesis, through the analysis of content of the entrepreneurship education policy, the entrepreneurship financing policy, the commercial support policy and the entrepreneurship environment policy, this part is aimed to study and determine the internal structure and the development situation of the college students’ entrepreneurship policy system in China.The fifth part is the problems and causes of the college students entrepreneurship policy system in China. This part combines theoretical induction and positive analysis together, discusses main issues and influencing factors of the college students entrepreneurship policy system in China at the comprehensive system level and the individual unit level and makes an overall analysis and evaluation of the college students’ entrepreneurship policy system in China by the research findings.The sixth part is strategies and approaches to improve the college students entrepreneurship policy system in China. Based on the analysis of issues above and drawing lesson from western developed countries’ national entrepreneurship policy system, this part puts forward strategies, approaches and key issues to be solved for the purpose of improving the college students’entrepreneurship policy system in China from the macro system level and the micro unit level.The seventh part is conclusion. This part makes a conclusion based on research findings above.Through the above research, this thesis could conclude that in the past more than two decades, through the four phases of exploration, preliminary foundation, basic establishment and perfection and development, China has established the college students entrepreneurship policy system including entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship financing, commercial support and entrepreneurship environment with national laws and policies as macro guidance and local laws and policies as implementation methods. However, because of the responsive nature of the goal-setting and the utilitarian nature of the function plus the absence of macro and strategic nature in the top-down design, the construction of the policy system cannot meet demands of integration and systematization and reveals two main issues on the structure:the fragmentation and the disconnection in the policy system. In order to solve problems in the construction and implementation of the college students entrepreneurship policy system in China, governments should ceaselessly weaken the responsive nature and the utilitarian goals and functions in the college students entrepreneurship policy system, focusing on the national innovative development as the momentum to boost the economy. In addition, governments should further improve college students entrepreneurship system in China from a macro and strategic perspective. With the ceaseless improvement of China’s market economy, the college students entrepreneurship policy system will finally be merged into the national entrepreneurship policy system.