Study On Pro-Entrepreneurship Policies For College Students

It is estimated that7.27million students will graduate from colleges and universities in2014, with an increase of280thousand over2013. The growing number of college graduates and huge employment pressure leads to a hot unavoidable topic on how to use various employment channels and bring them into full play. Student entrepreneurship, as one way of employment, can not only solve their own job problems, but also create many employment opportunities for other students. So it has a huge potential in easing employment pressure, solving the unemployment problem, and creating social wealth. But it is undeniable that when college students are self-employed, they are in a weak position in terms of individual ability, experience, resources and so on. Entrepreneurship itself is a kind of "trial and error" exploration activity, requiring the government, the society and other forces to encourage and guide. Pro-entrepreneurship policies for college students are an important initiative taken by the government to help college students. It is positively significant in five aspects to study and improve the policy of support for student entrepreneurship:helping activate the role of entrepreneurships in stimulating employment so as to promote employment of university students; helping provide stable and institutionalized policy guarantee for the students'circle, thereby promoting college students to succeed in business; helping innovative talents training by supporting student entrepreneurship; promoting innovation and transfer of science and technology into practical productive forces by way of students'businesses; helping improve the country's international voice and competitiveness in new energy, environmental protection, and information technology so as to enhance the overall international competitiveness of the country. Therefore, it is quite necessary to deeply study the policy of support for college student entrepreneurship.First of all, we made a detailed analysis of the pro-entrepreneurship policy for college students through questionnaires. Several findings were made:first, according to academic background, student entrepreneurship has an inverted "U" shaped distribution with most of them being undergraduates followed in number by junior college students, then by graduate students and lastly by Ph. D students; second, the venture capital comes mostly from students'parents and their own savings, and seldom from loans and risk capital; third, nearly three-quarters of college students haven't received business or employment training; fourth, the lack of resources, contacts and experience remains the biggest obstacle to student entrepreneurship, and seriously hampers student entrepreneurial activity; the bottleneck of venture capital is another major factor in hindering students'entrepreneurship; fifth, venture capital support?tax incentives and preferential fees are the three most influential entrepreneurial policies. Further findings were made on the basis of the responses to the questionnaires and cross impact analysis of successful student entrepreneurship and the policy of support:entrepreneurial success depends mostly on venture capital followed by tax incentives, preferential fees, market access, business services policies, business information sharing, and college graduate self-employment plans, but entrepreneurship education policies and the establishment of incubators have little bearing on entrepreneurial success. Finally, we made an empirical analysis of the policy of support for student entrepreneurship, and summarized its six characteristics:first, the policy is not future-oriented; second, the policy does not have a specific target; third, its original purpose is to promote employment; fourth, it fails to boost the establishment of entrepreneurship service system; fifth, the policy of entrepreneurship education is not linked with its education system; sixth, the supportive policy is not systematic. Through the above analysis, it is safe to say that, in the construction of the supportive policies, there still exist many deficiencies characterized by high market access threshold, poor fiscal policy support, inadequate financial innovation, lack of risk funds, defective business service system, insufficient entrepreneurial training market, lack of entrepreneurial information sharing mechanism, and low entrepreneurial awareness. The main causes for these problems are misdirected policy, policy supply shortage, poor policy implementation, policy ineffectiveness and imperfect educational policy.On the basis of effectiveness analysis of the policy of support for student entrepreneurship and the study of foreign experience and measures, suggestions may be made to the Chinese government concerning the policy of support for student entrepreneurship:first, an easy access system for college students'venture needs to be established so as to reduce the industry, administrative, legal control measures, providing a good environment in which college students can more easily enter a particular market segment; second, More fiscal policies need to be made to support student entrepreneurship so as to lower their costs; third, a sound monetary policy of support needs to be formulated, including the establishment of specialized microfinance institutions, increasing support for small loans, simplified loan approval procedures, strong supervision of where the money is spent, etc., to solve the financing problem for the student entrepreneurship; fourth, the student venture capital fund needs to be established, and the government needs to play an important role in setting up more such funds through various financial channels so as to provide a more adequate financial support for college students' venture; fifth, business service policies need to be improved, including the establishment of business service centers, sound service organizations, content-rich business services, the establishment of entrepreneurial base and platform providing security for entrepreneurship, thereby reducing the risk of student entrepreneurship; sixth, the entrepreneurship training policy needs to be improved, including pre-business counseling, entrepreneurial counseling and post-business counseling; seventh, an entrepreneurial support information sharing platform needs to be established so that college students can quickly grasp business information and grasp business opportunities. When the college students have timely and effective business information, they can develop their business plans, entrepreneurial activities, and ultimately achieve their business objectives. The building of an information sharing platform for entrepreneurship needs the collective efforts of the government, universities, community groups and industry organizations. Eighth, the entrepreneurship education policies need to be improved. The entrepreneurship education policy can be improved and the college students' entrepreneurship awareness can be strengthened by providing entrepreneurship education to all students, strengthening cooperation between universities, establishing scientific entrepreneurship courses and so on. In short, only by continuous efforts to improve the policy of support for student entrepreneurship, can we promote better institutions for student entrepreneurship and solve the employment problems of university students; only by strengthening the study of the policy, can the Chinese dream be fulfilled from the perspective of college student entrepreneurship.