The Gaochang Hall Zazi Research

This thesis studies the phonetics of Uyghur and Chinese language in the book Gao Chang Guan Za Zi, together with other concerning questions.Gao Chang Guan Za Ji is an anthology of Hui Uyghur-Chinese classifier, it is consisted of Uyghur and Chinese language, and Uyghur phonetic notation in Chinese. As the earliest Uyghur-Chinese dictionary, it includes18categories:Astronomy, geography, season, plants, animals, people, architecture, household utensils, clothes, jewelry, food, culture, frontiers, music and arts, etc. different editions have more than1000entries of most commonly used words, every entry has Hui Hu and Chinese language, and Hui Hu phonetic notation in Chinese.Although Gao Chang Guan Za Ji doesn’t has many entries, but it basically contains different aspects of the life back then, including noun, adjective, adverb, verb, etc. This anthology was edited in1407AD,(the fifth year of Yong Le, Ming Dynasty), Uyghur people had not committed to Islam yet in the Gao Chang region during that period. Therefore, few Arabian or Persian words can be found in the anthology; as a result, the anthology has well represented the original Hui Hu language in the Gao Chang region in the pre-Islamic period.Hong Wu period, Ming dynasty marks the beginning of ethnic documents and dictionaries editing. The fifteenth year of Hong Wu (1382AD) Ming dynasty, assistant Huo Yuan Ji and editor Ma Sha Yi in the royal academy Han Lin Yuan begun to edit Hua Yi Yi Yu under the royal command. Following the codes and patterns of Yuan Chao Mi Shi, they use Chinese character to mark the phonetic notation of different ethnic group, the pattern is: they lined out the ethnic word first, then they gave the Chinese meaning of the word and the phonetic notation in Chinese.(Yuan Chao Mi Shi uses Chinese characters as Mongolian phonetic notation; it only has Chinese, no Mongolian explanations.) In the fifth year of Yong Le (1407AD), Si Yi Guan, an official institution was specially established to translate the language of foreign and domestic ethnic minorities, the institution initially had8 branches:Da Dan, Nv Zhi, Xi Fan, Xi Tian, Hui Hui, Bai Yi and Gao Chang, Ba Bai and Xian Luo (Siam) was added later. It was operated by Shao Zhi Qing, translators and consuls.Si Yi Guan’s different branches organized the Za Zi, a ethnic language-Chinese classifier, in the meantime, memorials to the throne and related documents from the regions mentioned above were also translated into Chinese, and the documents to those regions were translated into ethnic languages, this was called the Lai Wen, kept by the branches. Afterward, Hui Tong Guan, Ming dynasty, also organized the translation of Korea, Ryukyu, Japan, An Nan, Zhan Cheng, Siam, Da Dan, Wei WU Er, Xi Fan, Hui Hui, Man Ci Jia, Nv Zhi, Bai Yi,13kinds of language in total. First year, Shun Zhi, Qing Dynasty (1644AD), Si Yi Guan (四夷馆) changed its name to Si Yi Guan (四译馆).Thirteenth year, Qian Long, Qing Dynasty (1784AD), Si Yi Guan and Hui Tong Guan merged and changed into Hui Tong Si Yi Guan, they organized more than40different classifier. These Yi Yu, Za Zi and Lai Wen are the best material to know the history and culture of the ethnic groups; they are of great historical and documentation value.As a document using Chinese to record Uyghur pronunciation, Gao Chang Guan Za Zi has well reflected the original Hui Hu language in the Gao Chang region during the pre-Islamic period, it also showed the actual situation of this region’s Chinese dialect in the early Ming Dynasty. Therefore, it is the best material there to study Hui Hu and Chinese language in the early Ming Dynasty, and it bears great significance in the study on Chinese phonology, Hui Hu and Chinese phonetic history, regularity of Uyghur-Chinese transliteration.this thesis focuses on the Gao Chang Guan Za Zi, using Transliteration on exploration method and phonological analysis, On the tone of the old Uyghur language and Chinese conduct on Strict phonological analysis. Provide materials and corroboration for the research of the history of Chinese phonetics and Chinese phonology.This thesis is consisted of5parts:Part1:the reason to choose the topic, significance of study, document, research method, related research situation, the key points and difficulties in writhing this thesis, and a summary of the thesis content. Part2:this part will discuss the Gao Chang Guan Za Zis organizing process, different editions and the codes and patter of the book, together with the discussion of the anthology’s value and influence.Part3:this part is divided into the Gao Chang Guan Za Zi old Uyghur language phonetics Features and Latin alphabet transliteration of old Uyghur languages:This part of the main narrative of the Ming Dynasty Uyghur language phonetics Features; vowels and Consonant of old Uyghur language, regularity of Voice harmony; Finally, on the basis of previous studies do transliteration and brief explanatory note the old uyghur language of the Gao Chang Guan Za ZiPart4:this part is the Gao Chang Guan Za Zi Chinese dialect phonology:in This part reference of the Ming Dynasty Rhyming Dictionary of 《rhyme slightly Autopass)) the initial consonant systems, Discussion of the Ming Dynasty in northerr Department of Mandarin speech, Analysis of Chinese consonants, vowels and rhyme with the regularity.Part5:this part is the conclusion:mainly summarized the regularity of comparison tone old Uyghur language and Chinese language and the characteristics of the Chinese Vowel System.