The Study On The Sanqichangshi In The Wei-jin And The Southern Dynasties

Sanqichangshi was initially set up in 220 AD by Cao Pi, which was the attendant of the emperor, and always awarded the multi-high doors mainly children. To a certain extent, this was a triumph mark for the aristocratic families. These positions were of high official ranks but without specific authority, so there widely appeared the phenomenon that the royal family and aristocratic families who less than 20 years old occupied Sanjichangshi in the Jin Dynasty and Southern Dynasties, which provided qualifications for the early entering the official career, thus ensuring more clan members had political privilege, especially among the Jin-- Song dynasty. As they were attendant positions of the court, emperors could satisfy some personal need by granting Sanjichangshi. In terms for emperors who were Generals origin in Nanchao dynasty, Sanjichangshi was a measure to improve the reputation and fame,which became an official position attracting member of the royal clan chase and popular.It was not a surprise during this period.The ways to grant Sanqichangshi were more diverse, such as Jia,Zeng,Jian, and so on. Jia Guan meant that beyond the official position plus others, for some certain political objectives, for example, raising the official’s grade expressed that court awards for meritorious ministers. Zeng Guan mainly aimed at officials who had passed away and had a major contribution before his death, for example political both fortunate and well-governed, purify the social atmosphere, founding fathers,right-hand minister and so on, and the main purpose was not only deceased merit recognition, but also for future generations joined the career. Jian Guan sometimes meant temporary dispatch, which generally existed in the domestic affairs and diplomatic activities: internally, on behalf of emperor patrolling and condolence;externally, on behalf of a state to conduct diplomatic activities. This widespread phenomenon was closely linked with the temporal social background, and because there were too much regime and diplomatic, the Juan Guan was born at the right moment.In Jin and Song dynasties, politics of powerful families came to an end and edged out of the history. Meanwhile, inferior gentry were rising, and they earned thetitle of Sanqichangshi by using their military exploit and influence. However, superior gentry make a clear distinction with inferior, in order to maintain their privileged position, so they didn’t take being Sanqichangshi as the honor, which objectively urged the decline of Sanqichangshi. As a result, the status’ downtrend of Sanqichangshi was beyond any help.