The Qianlong Dynasty Central Asia Policy Research

This paper systematically discusses the diplomatic activities between the Qing Dynasty and the Central Asian Islamic Contries which are on the west of Pamirs during the reign of QianLong Emperor, which are unfolded under the foundation of detailed date possession， full utilization and adsorption of related academic achievements, and the combination of principle and method of the Historical materialism of Marx with the methodology of comparative approach which were frequently applied in the related academic studies in recent years. The paper elaborates both statically and dynamically, both positively and negatively, attempting to comprehensively and objectively grasp the foreign policies for Central Asian Islamic Contries during the reign of QianLong Emperor, truly reflect the evolution of its policies, and, accordingly, make an impersonal evaluation of them. This paper totally includes the introduction and six chapters. The introduction mainly gives a description of reasons in chossing this topic, research scope, research methods, research materials and the current academic research situation of the diplomatic activities between the Qing Dynasty and the Central Asian Islamic contries which are on the west of Pamirs during the reign of QianLong Emperor. The main content of chapter one was to review of the history of the relations between the Central Dynasty and the Islamic World. The second chapter mainly elaborated how the Qing Dynasty had extended the Suerian‐vassal System to the Central Asia. The third chapter mainly elaborated the causes of conflict which in the relations between the Qing Dynasty and the Central Asian countries such as Badakhshan, Kokand, and so on, and mainly discussed the most important issue in the policies for Central Asian Islamic Contries of Qing Dynasty: The Problem about The Offspring of Khwaja. The problem had deteriorated sharply during the reign of QianLong Emperor, and finally got out of hand in1820s, which almost destroyed the rule of Qing Dynasty in Southen Xinjiang. The fourth chapter mainly discussed “The Rite Controversy” which had appeared in the exchanges between Qing Dynasty and the Central Asian Islamic contries. The main content of Fifth chapter was a reflection on the guiding ideology of the foreign policies for Central Asian Islamic Contries during the reign of QianLong Emperor and the means which had been used by the Qing government. I strive to objective evaluate the foreign policies for Central Asian Islamic Contries during the reign of QianLong Emperor, Neither unrealistic to blame the error of the Qing Dynasty rulers nor ignore the deficiencies of the Suzerain‐vassal System. After all, the trend of modernization will surely drown the ancient world of the Orient.