Research On Genetic Markers For Aerobic Performance In EDN1 And NOS2A Gene

Research on revealing the relationship between certain genetic polymorphism and phenotype of aerobic ability can be used in elite athletes screening,aerobic training and hypoxic training plan designing. In this study we designed 3 experiments aimed to find out the possibility of using EDN1 and NOS2A gene polymorphisms as genetic markers for selecting elite long-distance runner and forecasting the effectiveness of aerobic and hypoxic training respectively.Experiments 1st:Screen genetic markers from polymorphisms in EDN1 and NOS2A gene for elite long-distance runner selection.A Case-Control study was used to observe the distribution difference of EDN1 and NOS2A gene polymorphisms between 123 elite long-distance run athletes and 134 undergraduates without training background,both groups were North Han nationality of China.The result showed that EDN1 gene SNP/rs5370 GT genotype distribution frequency in elite athletes was significant higher than that in undergraduates.Experiments 2nd:Screen genetic markers from polymorphisms in EDN1 and NOS2A gene for forecasting aerobic training effectiveness.A cohort of 102 soldiers was submitted to an 18 weeks endurance training program including 5000m running three times per week.The training intensity was about 95~105%VT.All of the soldiers were North Han nationality of China and had no training background.The phenotype parameters,including aerobic capacity and left ventricular structure and function were measured before and after endurance training.And the cardiac function related indexes were captured at rest and during fixed-loads exercise separately.Association was observed between phenotype parameters response and EDN1 and NOS2A gene polymorphisms.The result showed that EDN1 gene polymorphisms were associated with cardiac function response, and a NOS2A gene polymorphism was associated with cardiopulmonary function response after endurance training.The increase of resting EDD and SV in EDN1 SNP/rs5370 GT genotype was significantly higher than that in GG genotype.The increase of resting LVM in EDN1 SNP/rs1800997 3A/3A genotype was significantly higher than that in 3A/4A genotype.The n value of NOS2A STR(CCTTT)n showed significant positive linear correlation with VEmax before training,the increase of VEmax and VT-VE after training. And the increase of these indexes in n＞11 allele carrier was significantly higher than that in double n≤11 alleles carrier.The n value of STR(CCTTT)n also exhibited significant positive linear correlation with EF during fixed-load exercise before training and the increase of SVI and CO during fixed-load exercise after training.Experiments 3rd:Screen genetic markers from EDN1 and NOS2A gene for forecasting hypoxic training effectiveness.A cohort of 72 healthy male undergraduate athletes,who all were Han nationality of North China,was undergone 4 weeks HiHiLo training.The training program including resting in hypoxic room(14.3~14.8%O2) for 10 hours per day,hypoxic training 3 times per week(75%VO2max intensity ergometer exercise in 15.4%O2 hypoxic room for 30 minutes),and daily training in the sea level arranged by the coaches of the subjects.Parameters such as VO2max,cardiac function indexes at rest and during fixed-load exercise were measured before and after HiHiLo training.Association between these parameters and EDN1 and NOS2A gene polymorphisms was analysed.The resultes showed that after HiHiLo training EDN1 polymorphisms were associated with cardiac function improvement and NOS2A polymorphisms were associated with VO2max and cardiac function improvement.The decrease of ESV at rest in EDN1 SNP/rs1800997 3A/3A genotype was significately more than that of genotype contains 4A allele.The increase of EDV during fixed-load exercise in EDN1 SNP/ rs4714383 CC genotype was significantely higher than that in genotype contains T allele.The n value of NOS2A STR(CCTTT)n showed significantely linear correlation with VO2max improvement.The decrease of CO and COI during fixed-load exercise in NOS2A SNP/rs2779249 GT genotype was significantely more than that in GG genotype.Conclusion:(1) The GT genotype of SNP/rs5370 in the EDN1 gene is a genetic marker for selecting elite long-distance runners among people of Han Nationality in North China.(2) Among men of Han Nationality in North China,the GT genotype of SNP/rs5370 and 3A/3A genotype of SNP/rs1800997 in EDN1 gene are genetic markers for forecasting cardiac function response to aerobic training.The n＞11 allele of STR(CCTTT)n in NOS2A gene is a genetic marker for forcasting cardiopulmonary function response to aerobic training.(3) Among men of Han Nationality in North China,the 3A/3A,CC and GTgenotype of SNP/rs1800997,rs4714383 and rs2779249 in EDN1 gene are genetic markers for forecasting cardiac function response to hypoxic training.The larger n value of STR(CCTTT)n in NOS2A gene is a genetic marker for forecasting VO2max improvement after hypoxic training.