Study On The Hypoglycemic And Hypolipidemic Activeties And The Mechanism Of Active Factors In The Extracts Of Sugarcane Molasses

In recent years, there is an upward trend in the incidence of diabetes, 2013, China have almost a hundred millions people with diabetes, the world’s first. Diabetes and its complications has been a serious threat to human health. Molasses is a by-product of sugar industry and sugar cane molasses contains abundant active substance, can prevent and treat various diseases. In this paper, previous studies have found that total polyphenols as the main composition of Molasses extract(Extracts of Sugar Molasses, ESM) of alpha glycosidase enzymes, alpha amylase, invertase activity has obvious inhibitory effect, suggests polyphenols may be Molasses give play to the role of hypoglycemic active ingredient. This paper, taking The ESM as The research object, comprehensive system research on type 2 diabetes(The type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM) rats fall blood sugar, blood lipid activity, to clarify The role of material basis and mechanism of action, evaluate its function and mechanism of The slow development of diabetes complications. The main results were as follows:1. To investigate the ESM preparation process and chemical composition. To clarify and to optimize the extraction process of ESM, and preliminary analysis on its chemical composition, studies have shown that the ESM contains 17.90% of the total polyphenols, in which each component content of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, 0.09% to 0.18%, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, 1.16% and 1.05%.2. Study the ESM hypoglycemic activity of T2 DM rats. T2 DM model in Wistar rats, and study the ESM of T2 DM rats fall blood sugar, fall hematic fat action. ESM dosage group compared with model group rats general life index had a significant improvement, sanduo the symptom is reduced a little, obviously increase the weight and viscera index declined significantly; ESM can significantly reduce the T2 DM rats fasting blood glucose(FBG), improve the glucose tolerance(OTGG); Sugar in medium and long term control experiment, the rat glycosylated serum protein(GSP), glycosylated hemoglobin values change trend is consistent, visible, ESM can restrain T2 DM rats blood glucose, slow hypoglycemic effect; While OTGG results also show that the ESM may have inhibitory effect on the development of diabetes complications.3. Study the ESM resisting oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro and its mechanism. In vitro antioxidant experiment showed that the ESM of DPPH and ABTS ? + and FRAP the clearance increases with the concentration of free radicals, and have a certain effect; Antioxidant in vivo experiments ESM to medicine group of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity increases, illustrate the ESM T2 DM rats can be improved its antioxidant capacity, at the same time the ESM to medicine group of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content decreased, explain the ESM in the body from damage when can have protective effects on the body, in order to reduce the damage degree of the body. Resistance to oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro(reactive oxygen species, ROS) experiments show that the ESM may help to slow down the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications.4. To study the effect of ESM of T2 DM rats with insulin resistance and its mechanism. ESM to medicine group of pancreatic organ index compared with model group, the pancreas relieve swelling degree, shows that the ESM of T2 DM could improve the pancreas injury in rats. Mechanism study showed that the ESM to medicine group in rat skeletal muscle and liver insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1), insulin receptor substrates-2(IRS-2), peroxidase(pod) body growth activated receptor gamma(PPAR gamma) protein expression of the model group increased significantly, and suggests the ESM can by improving the T2 DM rats of insulin resistance and rectify lipid metabolism disorder in order to play a role of lowering blood sugar, but also by improving the target tissues such as muscle, liver, insulin sensitivity and strengthen the function of insulin, to speed up the islet signal transmission, To improve the expression of adiponectin levels in organizations to play a role of fall blood sugar. ESM may also by activate protein substrates and other downstream signaling proteins, triggered a series of signal molecules, cause linkage reaction in the cell signaling pathways play a role of hypoglycemic.5. Research the ESM cholesterol-lowering activity of T2 DM rats and the mechanism of action. ESM obviously improve T2 DM rats blood lipid four, namely the rats significantly reduce total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), and significantly increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C). Liver by hematoxylin eosin staining(HE) pathological section show that the ESM to drug group increase rat liver index compared with model group, swelling of the liver cells and hyperplasia of fibrous tissue, lymphocyte infiltration quantity, bile duct proliferation, liver fat and fat droplet number and so on were significantly decreased, the results and blood lipid four detection results. The experimental results also shows that long-term use of ESM is of some significance to improve the state of hyperlipidemia rats.6. Study the effect of ESM of T2 DM rats sugar metabolism and mechanism of action. ESM IC50 of alpha glycosidase enzymes is 4.693 mg/mL, of alpha amylase IC50 was 4.254 mg/m L, and its inhibition all belong to the competitive inhibition. In vivo experiment ESM high dose group of rats in the model group rats pyruvate kinase(PK) activity increased, suggests that the body decomposition using the increase of blood sugar. And ESM to medicine group can significantly improve the T2 DM rat muscle and glycogen content in liver tissue, especially glycogen content increased, suggests that the body of blood sugar stored using the increase, with the possible relations have certain ESM to reduce the blood sugar of rats. On sugar metabolism of protein expression amount of research shows that: compared with model group, the ESM to drug group reduce in rat skeletal muscle and liver glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(GSK-3 beta) protein expression, prompt the ESM hypoglycemic effects associated with the use of glucose should be improved; And ESM to medicine group significantly increased in rats of AMPK alpha protein expression in skeletal muscle and liver, prompt the ESM hypoglycemic effect was related to improve the energy metabolism of tissue.7. Study the effect of ESM diabetes complications of T2 DM rats and the mechanism of action. ESM high and low dose group can reduce different level in the plasma of rats plasma endothelin 1(ET-1) concentrations, shows that the ESM may be decreased in rats of Insulin resistance(Insulin to hold, IR), thus improving its caused by vascular endothelial cell damage, it also indicates the ESM of Diabetic Nephropathy(Diabetic Nephropathy, DN) development has certain inhibitory effect. And ESM reduce rat angiotensin-2(Ang-2) level, suggest that the ESM can inhibit caused by increased pressure of Ang-2, and thus improve high glomerular filtration, high perfusion, the symptom such as high pressure, to delay the development of kidney disease. After the ESM intervention in rat plasma thromboxane B2(TXB2), 6-ketone prostaglandin(6–Keto-PGF1a) increases, the T/P value decreased, showing that the ESM T2 DM rat vascular endothelial has certain protection, prevention of diabetic vascular lesions. ESM to drug group reduce in rat plasma creatinine(Cr) and the concentration of urea nitrogen(BUN), combined with kidney HE pathological result shows that the ESM can play a inhibitory effect on the development of diabetic nephropathy, and delay kidney function, implement qualitative sex pathological change.