| With the development of the economy and aging population, diabetes has beenbecoming one of the most detrimental epidemics in our society. According to somedomestic statistic reports, its ever-increasing morbidity rate reached new high with11.6%, which makes China the No.1diabetes country. Meanwhile the deterioratingin quality of life and rocketing of medical expense caused by all kinds of diabetescomplicating diseases in heart, brain, kidney, eye, and other organs has broughtworry to many people. Likewise, tumors, as the first killer to health, bear thepathogenesis factors of morbidity rate that related to not only the population andaging, also with the very styles of life, which has been drawing the attentions to itsepidemiological characters and risk factors. It is still unclear whether there exists anyclose link between diabetes and tumors, nor with the correlations between the twodiseases. While as a special populations, women have special physiological periodslike menstrual phase, gestation and breastfeeding, and whether this kinds of special periods work to contribute to the morbidity of diabetes and tumor, and in what kindof slight level do they play a part in is still a challenging issue for us to research.Located in central China, Henan province is the most important origins ofChinese people. It is populous province, has a population of one hundred millionpeople.As the capital city of Henan, Zhengzhou is also the center of politics,economy, science, culture and education, especially the transportation hub. However,large scale of epidemic statistical investigations in the Henan province has neverconducted, therefore, the investigation upon the epidemic conditions of diabetes andtumor in the population of Zhengzhou and the correlation analyses should have thesignificant meaning in supplementing and perfecting the epidemiological dada aboutdiabetes and malignant tumor in our country. Our study is part of the REACTIONresearch in China.Objective1. Comprehending the epidemiological conditions about diabetes and malignant tumor;2. Analyzing the pathogenesis mechanism and risk factors about diabetes and malignanttumor in Zhengzhou residents over fourty;3. Analyzing the pathogenesis mechanism and risk factors about diabetes and malignanttumor in women population;4. Evaluating the relationship between measuring index with diabetes and tumor, andoffer a better scientific basis for the prevention and controlling of diabetes and tumor.Materials and MethodsDuring the period from Jun.2011to Jan.2012,9990community residents, from6communitiesand with the ages ranging from40to102, were chosen as the baseline survey population. And all ofthe survey respondents have favorable obedience, and they volunteer to join the survey and all signedthe information consent forms. The survey was carried out by the way of questionnaire, physicalexamination and blood tests, and the diabetes diagnosis criteria adopted the WHO diabetes criteria 1999. Meanwhile, to ensure the standard and best survey panning being implemented, educationand checking programs were carried out among those community medical workers and participants.ResultsⅠ. Diabetes baseline survey among the Zhengzhou residents1. Diabetes epidemic survey:(1) The morbidities of diabetes in Zhengzhou residents is13.9%, among them,Han nationality14.2%, minor nationalities12.9%; typeⅡ91.8%, type Ⅰ2.7%,gestation diabetes mellitus0.2%, and other type5.3%;(2) Gender difference exists in Zhengzhou morbidity rate: male morbidity rate16.8%, female12.9%, male rate is much higher than that of female, P<0.01;(3) Diabetes morbidity rate increases with the aging: the lowest rate is6.0%inthose who under the age of49, and the highest rate is21.3with the age groups ofover75years.2. risk factors survey:(1) The morbidity rates are higher with those subjects who bear the charactersof higher degree of educational level, retired status, snoring, alcoholic drink, and theP<0.05; subjects who have smoking family members, long exposure smoking, thedeath of a spouse, living alone, unsatisfying life quality, bad family relationship andpoor quality of sleep all contribute to the higher morbidity rate of diabetes, but thosefactors are not statistically meaningful; waist-to-hip ratio, age, retired status anddiabetes family history are all risk factors of diabetes.(2) Those subjects, who have the diet on bean products, salted or pickledvegetables, fruits, fresh juices, poultry, pork and coffee, bear significantly decreasedmorbidity rates, while fried food dependence helps to sharply increase the rate withP<0.01; comparatively, subjects who diet on eggs, vegetables and red meat show alower morbidity rate; (3) On the factors of exercises, the dancing groups show lower rate, p<0.01;groups with strenuous exercises and Taiji bear a lower rate, but p>0.05;(4) Coffee, fresh juice, fruits, dancing are protective factors, which help toreduce the morbidity risk; while the snoring, death of spouse and living alone arerisking factors to diabetes, which substantially increase the morbidity rate.3. The epidemics survey of diabetes in female and its risk factors analyses(1) The female diabetes groups bear higher indexes in height, weight, waistline,hipline and waist-to-hip ratio when compared with that of control groups, p<0.01;(2)The female diabetes groups also bear higher indexes in births, menopauseage, number of pregnancy, pre and after pregnancy weight, macrosomia birth andfamily diabetes history when compared with that of the control groups; whilemenarche age groups show lower indexes than that of the control groups, and theirdifferences have statistical significance.(3) Births, menopause age, number of pregnancy, pre and after pregnancy weight,50years old weights, age and diabetes family history are independent diabetesmorbidity factors, while the menarche age is a protective factor, and the bigger theage, the lower the risk. The survey also show that when the pre pregnancy weightover54.25kg, the GDM morbidity will increase, and so does when the afterpregnancy weight over56.75kg.4. GGT is an independent diabetes risk factor, and from the group of NC to IGRand DM, the GGT values increase gradually, and P<0001, especially, the AUC ofROC indicates glycometabolism disorder should be alerted when GGT≥25.5U/L.Ⅱ.Tumor baseline survey among the Zhengzhou residents:1. Tumor epidemiologic survey:(1) Tumor morbidity rate in Zhengzhou residents is1.6%, and the first threetumor types are breast cancer, endometrial cancer and colorectal cancer; (2) Female tumor morbidity rate is1.9%, and male is1.1%, and female rate ismuch higher than that of male subjects, p<0.01;(3)The attack rate increases with the aging process, and the tumor group’saverage age is elder than that of nontumor groups, p<0.01.2. Risk factors analyses:(1) subjects who diet on the food of salted or pickled vegetables, preservedbeancurd, milk products, pork and alcoholic drinking bear a higher attack rate, whilethose who diet on coffee, fruits and red meat bear a lower rate.(2) exposure to radioactive rays, tumor family history and those who do not workbear a higher attack rate, p<0.01;3. Female risk factors evaluation:(1) Breast feeding time and menopause age have manifest correlation with tumorattacking. Women who do not experience the breast feeding bear the highest rate at33.3%, while those had over one year of breast feeding showed the lowest rate, andthe deferences have statistical meaning; meanwhile the later the menopause age, thehigher the risk of tumor morbidity;(2) Younger menarche age, fetal macrosomia, more frequent pregnant times andobesity all contribute a higher tumor morbidity rate, but the differences are notstatistically significant.Ⅲ. The correlation between diabetes withtumor1. The tumor morbidity rates in the diabetes groups are higher than that of thecontrol groups, which are comparatively2.8%and1.4%, p<0.001, which indictesthat diabites increases the risk of tumor morbidity, and, therefore, is an independentrisk factor of tumor.the OR is2.037;2. The FBG, PBG and HbA1C values in tumor groups are all higher than that ofnonthmorous groups, which has statistical meaning; 3. With the increasing of the HbA1C values, the tumor morbidity rate alsoincreases, which reachs its highest rate at3.5%when the values located between7.6-8.5, reduced to lowest point at1.5%when the values are equal or lesser than6.5,which indicates that with the increasing of the blood sugar the tumor morbidity rateincreases gradually, and the differences are statistically significant.4. In the FBG, when values≥7.0mmol/L, the tumor morbidity rate reachs athighest level at2.3%, but without statistical significance; while the values≥11.1mmol/L, the rate reachs its highest level at2.1%, and the differences are statisticallysignificant.Conclusion1. The diabetes morbidity rate is13.9%in Zhengzhou residents, with a higherrate in male than in female. The tumor morbidity rate in Zhengzhou residents is1.6%, and female rate is higher than that of male, and both of them increases withthe aging progress.2. The coffee, fruits and dancing are all protective factors, which help to reducethe diabetes morbidity risk; the WHR age, and diabetes family history, milk productsand retirement are diabetes risk factors, which increase the diabetes morbidity risk.In female, births, number of pregnancy, pre and after pregnancy weight,50yearsold weights, age and diabetes family history are independent diabetes morbidityfactors, while the menarche age is a protective factor. GGT is an independentdiabetes risk factor, and glycometabolism disorder should be alerted when GGT≥25.5U/L.The exposure to radioactive rays, tumor family history and menopause age aretumor risk factors, while working is protective factors.Diabetes increases the risk of tumor prevalence, which is indipendent tumorrisk factor, and tumor, conversely, cause the rising of blood sugar, meanwhile, with the increasing of the HbA1C, FBG and PBG values, tumor morbidity rates increaseaccordingly.3. There is special risk factors in diabetes and tumor with women, and theprevalence of cancer is higher than control group. We should be more concernedabout the health of women. |
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