| Xianning City which is in the south of HuBei province was the main investigation area in this thesis, and the thesis analyzed and studied the traditional dwellings building space and residential culture of this area. The definition of "Southern Hubei" in this thesis, that is clear and fuzzy district concept. And the clear concept is that relies on the city territory scope of Xianning City and has a relatively clear space; and the fuzzy concept is that the city territory shows the graduality on the culture.The climate of southern Hubei is tepid and rainy. And the whole terrain is dominated by hills. The mode of production reflects the characteristics of mountainous agriculture. Under the leading of traditional farming, they suit their measures to local conditions for the development of handicrafts, such as papermaking and tea making and so forth.Geographically, Southern Hubei lies in the intersection zone of Hubei, Jiangxi, and Hunan province and the east is Northern Jiangxi, the south is Hunan,the west is Jingxiang and the north is Wuhan. Because of the connected geography, the objective environment including the climate and geography condition are similar to the surrounding provinces, which has certain convergence on the culture and the Han culture is highly isomorphism in the ontology. Meanwhile, there are many characteristic local subcultures around Southern Hubei, such as the Huizhou culture, the culture of Ganjiang, the Hunan culture and the XiaJiang culture, and four kinds of cultures meet here, which collide and conflict each other, permeate and fuse mutually and increase the regional culture complexity of Southern Hubei and rich the performance characteristic of the traditional dwellings.The architectural form of stilt style was an architectural style which appeared in early history of southern Hubei, and then appeared the feature of north courtyard on the plane form and formed the dwelling space of patio court style that satisfied the characteristics of regional culture under the influence of central plains culture. However, the dwelling of southern Hubei produced the certain convergence on architectural style due to the influence from Jiangxi with more developed economy and culture that was caused by several southern migration activities in Ming and Qing Dynasties.The dwelling of southern Hubei formed and developed in agricultural society. The courtyard building of southern Hubei also had the basic characteristics of the central plains courtyard building under the effect of the forceful patriarch system from the central plains, but the courtyard building of southern Hubei put up the fortissimo regional adaptability,such as patio courtyard that reduced the building volume and the lift courtyard space that was built in mountain under the restriction and influence of the impersonality natural conditions and native culture environment. And the town street house that satisfied the need of trade and living was come into being under the influence of the local agriculture and the handicraft industry.The dwelling of southern Hubei is the wooden frame without dougong, which uses the mixture structure of brick and wood as the main structure system. It is different from the post-and-lintel construction that is widely used in north and the column and tie construction that is common in south, and it uses gable to assist in bearing. Because the roofing weight of the dwelling of southern Hubei is light, the dispose way of building construction is very flexible. The blend of the post-and-lintel construction, the column and tie construction and the inserted-beam construction frequently appears under the effect of the terrain condition and the practical need of building. Moreover, the swallow step beam, inlay pillar and extra quality pillar are generated on the fabrication processing, which are the performance of adapting the local climate and material.In fact, the performance theme of the dwelling decoration is also a kind of culture phenomenon, which is not only the outcome producing by social economy and culture condition in the certain period but also the reflection of the life way,production labor and concept custom in the certain area. The decoration theme classes that appeared in southern Hubei can be divided into four typical directions in total:First, the decoration pattern that reflects the scholar spirit; Second, the symbolize decoration pattern; Third, the reflection of the plot and folk legend; Fourth, the reflection of parental instruction and caution. And all these decoration themes are from the work and life of local villager, and which are deeply rooted in long-standing tradition culture and become the method for people to express emotion and place good wishes, and which express the people pursue for nobility sentiment as well.The form of the traditional dwelling was regional that was one of the biggest differences to distinguish with the modern building. The traditional dwelling used the local material to adapt the local climate and special terrain, used the lowest cost of energy consume to obtain the maximum living comfort and created relatively comfortable, environmental, healthy, low energy consumption even zero energy consumption indoor and outdoor environment, the resident ecology of which was incomparable with that of modern architecture and which was also the paramount wealth that was brought to us y traditional dwelling. We should not rest on thinking about how to renovate and rebuild, we had better rethink how to continue its healthy and ecological ideological value and create harmonious living environment under the contemporary environment when we think about the sustainable development of traditional dwelling.The full text content was divided into six chapters. The first chapter was the introduction, which briefly explained the research content, the current situation, the significance and the research methods of this thesis and listed the whole context and frame of this thesis; The second chapter introduced the regional culture background of the Southern Hubei traditional dwellings,including the weather conditions, the geographical environment, the mode of production,the social economy culture, and the formation, the inheritance and the development process of the folk house; The third chapter made an analytical classification on the plane form and the space form of folk house and concluded its characteristic; The fourth chapter specifically analyzed the building structure and the building technologies of Southern Hubei folk house; The fifth chapter introduced the adornment art and its symbolic meaning of Southern Hubei traditional dwellings; The sixth chapter was the conclusion which discussed the problem that the tradition house should face during the spontaneous gradual progress and made plan on the sustainable development of which. |
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