| In this paper, architectural decoration of the traditional dwellings is counted as whole research. Based on extensive fieldwork and the rich references, from the perspective of design theory and tectonic culture, this article explore the formation mechanism, characteristics of styles, spatial attributes, style transmutation and creation of artistic conception of the traditional dwellings’ decoration in the period from late Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China, so as to reveal its spiritual connotation, design concept and design method.This paper analyzes the regional natural conditions and humanistic historical context of the traditional dwelling buildings in southern area of Jiangsu. The influential factors of architectural decoration of the traditional dwellings in southern Jiangsu inclluding the natural environment and resources, the social transformation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the prosperity and development of the economy, the change of the artisan system, the rise of the industrial and commercial stratum, the independent spirit and seclusive temperament of the literati, the flourishing development of the related art and so on. Here, the paper will clarify southern Jiangsu dwellings’ decoration system which combine wood carvings, brick carvings,stone carvings and color painting in to one, from the carrier, technology and other aspects of its artistic characteristics to conclude artistic characteristics from the carrier, technology and other aspect. According to the different relationship of decoration and the structure of architecture, the architectural decoration of traditional dwellings in southern Jiangsu can be divided to two types: structural decoration and additional decoration. Structural decoration is to have a fabrication processing for building components in the premise of ensuring the structure and function, it is stylized, organic, suitability and integrity. Additional decoration should pay more attention on visual form and symbolic expression, compare with formal, it has more aesthetic value of relatively independent architectural structure.This paper analyzes the spiritual connotation and schema structure of architectural decoration of the traditional dwellings in southern Jiangsu systematically. It classified and analyzed four kinds of typical formative schema from theme of "advocating the literature and education, the scholar symbol", "educating books and paintings, the secular life", "auspicious meaning and religious belief’. After that, this paper summed up the basic rules of formation including adsorption polymerization, getting the big picture from small things, orderly laying out, homogeny of adaptable pattern and so on, these rules are abided by some typical schemas,such as the centripetal type, cross-style, long-roll type, scattered type and other typical plans.The spatial attributes of residential decoration are expanded from the two cognitive dimensions of "order" and " false or true - the actual situation". According to the functional logic and the level difference of the residential space, the architectural decoration establishes the Corresponding Relation of the visual form, semantic symbol and the order space, to reflect the concept of values and strengthen the hierarchical order. Here, the article clarified that the architectural decoration through "creating space level", "creating a composite space"and other ways to generate the actual situation of space and expand the connotation and extension of dwelling space.Meanwhile, for architectural decoration of traditional dwelling in the southern area of Jiangsu, its division of history into periods for style evolution, its cause of formation and its style traits were contained in this paper. The development of its evolution is divided into three periods: "the development period"(the middle of the Ming Dynasty to Shunzhi age),"the molding period"(Kangxi to Jiaqing),"the changing period"(the late Jiaqing to the Republic of China). Combining the trend of social thoughts and value orientation, the style of each period is described as follow: "Pragmatism and Elegant" "Exquisite, Rich and Flowery""Solidification of the old style and Fusion of East and West. Then this paper analyzed the background and summarize the factors around these three styles. Here is an intensive study of the interactional mechanism of dwelling decoration language and life concept. This study put forward a construct system own the trinity of emotional situation, picturesque scene and poetic conception. What’s more, this paper further explored the concrete method of building decoration to create the emotional experience, schema aesthetics and poetic conception. So this paper included the patriarchal ethical consciousness of the Confucian feelings, flexible and elegant temperament of literati and direct expression of the secular mood for "emotional experience construction",business location, drawing color adhere to the type and biography written transfer mode for "schema aesthetics construction"; mutualism of blankness and conception beyond image, the textual guidelines, expressing emotions through describing concrete objects and occasional notes with leisure motions for "poetic conception construction". Trinity of the decorative mood is to promote the construction of the Southern Jiangsu residential building space experience reaped from the aesthetic form to the spiritual realm. |
