Mechanisms And Methods Of Emergency Mapping Information Services For Natural Disaster

Geospatial information is effective basic key information for coping with natural disasters. The acquisition, transmission, and processing of the emergency geographic information, the rapid development of the sharing application technology, research and construction of the systematic emergency surveying and mapping guarantee have become important infrastructure construction of preventing and reducing the damages in the world. In addition, it is the leading edge of the international research and one of the hot topics. The main technology line of the emergency surveying and mapping guarantee system takes "emergency" as the feature, which runs through all links of the emergency mapping work. The data acquisition should be fast. The data processing analysis should be intellectualized. The information service should be active and self-adaptive. Lessons have been learned from a series of natural hazards, such as Wenchuan earthquake, Haiti earthquake and so on, it can be seen that there is no sufficient sets of theoretical basis and technical support of mature emergency mapping guarantee, by chaotic emergency mapping resource scheduling, inefficient disaster analysis and evaluation, poor emergency information service, etc. All of these problems are quite outstanding. As a result, the complex systematic engineering of studying and establishing emergency mapping guarantee system is urgently required. This paper makes systematic research, and develops provincial-level emergency mapping and surveying guidance platform by studying on the related task planning, resource scheduling, disaster evaluation, and key technological problem of the emergency information service. Specific contents are as follows:(1) Task-oriented emergency mapping focus service mode. The existing emergency mapping guarantee service tends to only aim at the listed data source and specific task. It is a classical superincumbent data driving pattern, centered on the specific data product. Since the service mode of the data product is monotonous, inflexible, and inefficient, it cannot adapt to the individualized and complex task demands. This paper focuses on the task demands of the multilayer users including national, provincial, local and disaster scene users, as the traction, puts forward the focus service modes (e.g. sensor data acquisition, emergency data processing, transmission and sharing service, etc.), establishes high-effective collaborative mechanism of sensor data acquisition, emergency data processing, analysis and application service sharing, realize the comprehensive service through the communication and collaboration between the dispersed professional service, provide flexible, effective and individualized demanded service and focus service. Based on such service mode, it develops provincial-level emergency surveying and mapping command and scheduling system.(2) Classical disaster dynamic evaluation method of the collaboration on multi-source remote sensing data. As the classical great geological disasters (e.g. landslide, debris flow, etc.) have high outburst, high hiding, and other complex features. The single data source is difficult to meet the comprehensive, accurate and dynamic evaluation demands. This paper puts forward taking comprehensive advantage of the satellite remote sensing material with high resolution, UAV image data and ground investigation data, carries out reliable, accurate and multi-scale disaster and risk dynamic evaluation method, and verifies the effectiveness of the disaster damage evaluation by taking the analysis on the influence of the disaster in the earthquake stricken area as the example since "6·18".(3) Self-adaptive emergency information service. Although the emergency information service mode with the heaven and earth map as the platform is initially established, there is obviously insufficient level and ability of the submission, management, release, share and application in multi-source integration emergency surveying and mapping system. Therefore, this paper studies the self-adaptive data organization management of the multi-scale and multi-source dynamic observation data and historical data, faces the key technology of emergency information service (e.g. information sharing and rapid release of the multi-layer users,3D dynamic visualization of disaster geological information, etc.), and applies it into the development of the natural disaster geological information release system.(4) Provincial-level emergency mapping command platform. In order to meet the emergency mapping demand of natural hazards, accidents disasters, public health, social security events and other public emergency, the provincial-level emergency mapping command platform is designed by systematic researching on the key techniques, such as automatic path planning of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), emergency resource automatic dispatching management and the rapid release of disaster information.The research achievements of this paper have been practically applied in the provincial-level emergency mapping command platform. Besides, it plays a vital role in the analysis on the influence of the flood in the earthquake stricken area since "6·18" The practical application indicates that the related technology achievement provides a set of solutions to the establishment and improvement of the emergency surveying and mapping guarantee technology system, which is favorable for improving the rapid service ability of the emergency surveying and mapping.