Research On Marine Ecological Compensation Theory And Management Policy

It has been an inevitable choice to make good use of oceanic resources, so thatour economy will develop even under the situation of rapid population growth andshortage of land resources. As China does not have an effective policy system tocoordinate marine development and marine protection, so the marine ecological losscaused by marine development would not be compensated properly. Therefore a seriesof marine ecological problems are becoming serious. In the18thCongress ofCommunist Party of China, Chairman Hu Jintao pointed out clearly that we have tostrengthen the ability of developing marine resources, to promote the growth ofmarine economy, to protect the marine environment, to safeguard national marinerights and interests, and to build China into sea power. To use marine resourcesreasonably, and establish a complete management system are the requirements ofsustainable development of marine resources. Marine eco-compensation is aneffective way to coordinate the relationship between the stakeholders and solve themarine ecological problems. However, ecological compensation itself is acomplicated project, Marine ecological compensation is almost a brand new field,neither ready-made mode can be copied, nor mature experience can be used asreference. This thesis emphasizes on the construction of a systematic marineeco-compensation mechanism, based on the experience from domestic and foreignrelevant fields. It also systematically discusses the theoretical basis for theimplementation of marine ecological compensation policy in China. The thesisprovides the economic theory basis for developing marine resources reasonably andprotecting the coastal and marine environment properly. Also it is a guide to reach theresources management goal of utilizing the marine resources in an environmentalfriendly way, maintaining the basic function of marine ecosystem in China, anddefending the valuable marine ecological protection area. First of all, chapter1of the thesis explains the externality theory, marineecosystem functional value theory and sustainable development theory, indicating thatto internalize the externalities is the starting point of implementation of ecosystemcompensation. Marine ecosystem functional value theory is the economic base toperfect ecological compensation management policy system. The clear propertydefinition can be used to improve the eco-compensation market efficiency to a muchhigher level. And sustainable development is the ultimate goal of marineeco-compensation management. The summary of eco-compensation theory mayprovide a standpoint to the formulation of marine eco-compensation policy.Chapter2summarizes the state quo of marine ecosystem loss during the marineresource development, the existed marine eco-compensation management mechanismand the problems in the management of marine eco-compensation. Although,according to the marine environment protection law, if there is significant ecosystemdamage happened, the marine environment supervision and management departmentcan claim the spoilers for compensation on behalf of China, the mechanism has notbeen functioned well as lack of corresponding law system and technology standards.In chapter3, the past and successful experiences on ecological compensation inother countries, such as “wetland bank” project, the compensation case of theVittel mineral water company, and the ecological product certification plan, areexamined systematically. Some developed countries, such as USA, Japan, UK andCanada did great jobs in marine eco-compensation and set up good examples for theimprovement of marine eco-compensation policy in China.Chapter4and5are the key points of this thesis, mainly on the analysis of marineeco-compensation and the establishment of the compensation policy. It is indicated inchapter4that it would be an optimal choice if the responsible party may pay theeco-compensation to the government by using the game theory. Based on theenvironmental resources value evaluation method, the ecological damages may bedivided into five types. Then, the thesis investigates the measurement basis andmethod of the compensation standard. In chapter5, the frame of marine ecologicalcompensation is established and the principle, subject, object, method and other basic elements of the marine eco-compensation are analyzed. Also the relationships amongall these elements are established.In chapter6the concepts of tradition and innovation, planned economy andmarket economy, government and public, theory and practice are discussedcomparatively. This chapter aims to improve marine eco-compensation managementpolicy in China in view of tax, law, property right, BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer)financing, public opinion and technology.In chapter7, the implement system of the eco-compensation management policyfor oil spill accidents based on the oil spill accident in2011in Bohai Bay is designed.Finally, in chapter8, the summary of this thesis and the outlooks of future researchare made.In this thesis there are2new key points. Firstly, the “game theory” is introduced,and then the relationships among stakeholders are analyzed based on this theory. Inthe marine eco-compensation process, enhancing the government’s effectivesupervision so as to let the resource consumer compensate the victims and letting thebeneficiary of the environment protection compensate the victims, are optimal choicesfor marine resource sustainable utilization. Secondly, the implement frame of themarine eco-compensation management policy including the ecological damageobservation and eco-compensation management is designed, which may provide apracticable basis for the improvement of eco-compensation policy in China.Moreover,the marine eco-compensation process in view of the oil-spill event in2011in Bohai Bay is designed, which may lay the foundation of the implement of marineeco-compensation police and improve marine eco-compensation work to come intosystematic level.