Management Studies Of Large-scale Exhibitions Crowd Intelligence Services

In recent years, as the rapid development of China's economic and cultural undertakings and further enhancement of China's overall national strength, various large-scale exhibitons organized by China are increasing, e.g. Chinese Export Commodities Fair and World Expo. These exhibitons are increasingly becoming the focus of attention paid by society, businesses and the general public. Large-scale exhibitons have a large number of participants and great social repercussions. The crowd's characteristics of the large-scale exhibitons are intensive, unpredictable and uneven distribution. So, security and service issues are very obvious. It becomes an urgent task to enhance the ability of crowd's service management, prevent and deal with crowd incidents so as to achieve high-performance security and high-quality service.Taking 2010 Shanghai World Expo as an opportunity, China has gradually built the crowd service management system for large-scale exhitions with the establishment of respective organizations in charge of crowd service management in national,provice and city levels.The national crowd service management system of large-scale exhibitons has begun to take shape and play an important role in practice. However, since the current crowd service management system is designed at macro level, it is far from the practical need at the micro level. The theory, technologies and methods at the micro level are the base of the whole crowd service management system. We should focus on the research in micro-level problems especially difficult problems. Further study on revelent theory, technologies and methods will surely provide an optimal solution so as to improve the overall crowd service management level of Chinese large-scle exhibitons.This dissertation employs multiple research methods including communication and computer science, management science and operations research, etc. and integrates a lot of technologies, such as mobile communicaition, context aware and system simulation. It is aimed to systematically study the crowd intelligent service management issues of large-scale exhibitons, unveil the inner correlation between the micro and macro levels, and finally provide new perspective and decision support for crowd intelligent service management of large-scale exhibitions in the future. According to analysis of tourist service demand in the whole trip, based on the decision-making problems in the process of crowd service management including travel plan, travel coordination, service security and emergency response, this dissertation studys the micro-level key problems involved in crowd intelligent service management of large-scale exhitions. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:In chapter 1,the research background, contents and significance have been introduced together with the structure of the dissertation. In chapter 2,literature review is made to summarize the concepts related to crowd intelligent service management in large-scale exhibitions, and cover the research conducted from three aspects:applications of context-aware systems in travel activities, crowd movement and crowd service operations in large-scale exhibitions. Furthermore, we commentate on the previous research and point out the deficiency in the current research on crowd service management in large-scale exhibitions.In chapter 3,this dissertation studies the crowd intelligent service management in large-scale exhibitions from the perspective of system theory. Firstly, we propose the definition of crowd intelligent service system for large-scale exhibitions, and introduce the system's basic dimensions including system elements, objectives, structure, status and environment. System information awareness and release technologies are also introduced. Then, this dissertation gives the system control and optimization problems deserved to be studied deeply with the establishment of the whole process-oriented integrated service operation management system including three levels of large-scale exhibitions:service reserve, service implementation and emergency control.Finally, based on the analysis of crowd service needs, crowd intelligent service decision-making system for large-scale exhibitons is designed. The whole systematic organization is illustrated. The main functions and a blueprint for system database design are introduced.In chapter 4, this dissertation mainly focuses on personalized tourist trip design based on time-dependent network from the perspective of tourist trip plan. Taking into account the impact of such factors as crowd congestion, emergency, and road types on travel time, we propose a time-series graph model based on discrete time. The travel time in transport network in different sections and different time is represented using the time-series graph model. On this basis, we propose two trip design methods which are consistent with the current traffic and tourist personal preference in large-scale exhibitions, that is, one-day tourist trip design method and multi-day tourist trip design method. Then, we respectively establish the mixed integer programming models and design labeling algorithms based on the idea of network planning and dynamic programming. In chapter 5, crowd service coordination and control based on multi-agent is considered from the perspective of travel coordination. Firstly, crowd intelligent service system based on multi-agent is designed, the whole systematic organization is illustrated, and the ideas of modeling the multi-agent system are introduced in detail. Moreover, we propose a multi-stage dynamic coordination and control method. Through introducing the concept of Pareto Optimality, this method decides the next visiting node in real time and dynamically for tourists based on preferential selection mechanism to total tourist satisfaction value, and selects roads using Logit model. Finally, under the background of Shanghai World Expo, multi-agent system simulation and three different methods are designed, the coordination and control methods are tested, and sensitivity analysis is also making.In chapter 6, mobile resource scheduling problem of large-scale exhibition is investigated from the perspective of service security. We introduce a conceptual model of mobile resource scheduling work, and give the process of mobile resource scheduling. On this basis, due to the diversity of service resources and forecast of resource demands, this chapter studies the multi-resource scheduling problem considering future demand, and establishes a multi-resource scheduling model based on expectation cost. Furthermore, a novel heuristic algorithm based on network optimization in graph theory and linear programming optimization is given in terms of multi-resource classification. The computational complexity of the algorithm is also analyzed.In chapter 7, crowd evacuation of large-scale exhibitions is considered from the perspective of emergency response. We introduce the emergent incidents in large-sclae exhibitions, analyze the characteristics of the incidents, and start a preliminary study to mechanism of crowd incidents. Then, we study the emergency multi-source and multi-destination evacuation problem with the capacity constraints, and propose a path-based network flow control evacuation model. A novel heuristic algorithm of network flow control is designed based on key selected path. The computational complexity of the algorithm is also analyzed.In the conclusion, we pointed out the main innovation of the dissertation and the perspective for the further research.