Agricultural Technology Progress And Agricultural Development In China

Agricultural progress is the major cause of agricultural development, which has been proved by practice as a truth. Presently, China's agriculture is being in the early stage from traditional farming transforms to the modern agriculture. To develop the modern agriculture is the core task and historical mission of China's construction of a new socialist countryside. On the base of increasingly tense resources, only depending on the agricultural technology progress can we complete and realize the significant functions and missions of agriculture to maintain the social stability, to ensure the food security and to improve the ecological environment, etc. Only the agricultural technology progress can complete the traditional farming transformation and realize the speedy and sustainable development of agriculture. Numerous theories and practices have also proved that the agricultural technology progress is an objective social, technical and economic phenomenon. Agricultural technology progress is an inevitable result that many factors interact such as technology, economy as well as science, education, culture, politics, international conditions and natural environment, etc. it is a complex dynamic process which is composed of many correlative events. Moreover, compared with technological progress in other related domains, the agricultural technology progress itself has many particularities. Overall, the research on agricultural technology progress at present still has some insufficiencies, mainly displays in: First, lack of theories and methods using the system theory to study the whole process's operation of agricultural technology progress; Second, lack of the improvement of using the economics and management theories to study the agricultural technology progress; Third, insufficient in the research on the agricultural technology progress combined with the new situation and modern agriculture development needs.Therefore, this paper is designed to study the agricultural technology progress and agricultural development systematically using the economics and management theories, which based on the strategic background that the industry back-feeds to the agriculture, on the industrial background that agricultural development enters into a new stage and tends to marketability and internationalization, and also on the background of construction a new innovation system of agricultural technology to structure the agricultural technology progress system. The whole paper launches the analysis in three levels in order of the base and background of study, systematical description and operational rules of the agricultural technology progress, and the systematical optimization measures of agricultural technology progress in China. The first level includes chapter1, 2 and 3, demonstrate the relationship between the agriculture technological progress and the agricultural development, as well as the necessity of studying the process of agricultural technology progress from theory and demonstration angles. The second level includes chapter 4, discuss the structure, function, main body, system environment and system operation rules of agricultural technology progress system. The third level includes chapter 5 and 6, analyze the present situation and the functional disorder of agricultural technology progress in China and introduced the measures of how to optimize the agricultural technology progress system and promote the agricultural development.This paper thinks that the agricultural technology progress is a process of continuously create new theories and invent new technologies, extend the application of new achievements, turn new resources of agricultural technology progress into material wealth increment, and in turn increase the economic benefits. Therefore, the process of agricultural technology progress is divided into four links: scientific research and agricultural technology development, agricultural technology extension, agricultural technology application and the realization of agricultural products'social value. Furthermore, this paper constructs an agricultural technology progress system including five subsystems: research and development subsystem, extension service subsystem, agricultural technology application subsystem, market subsystem and macro-control subsystem. Each subsystem might be divided into input or decision-making module, operation module and output module. This paper analyzes the operation process and rules of each subsystem.In the input module of research and development subsystem, under the guidance of the target, the factors that input by the subsystems include capital, equipment, selected research topic, laws and regulations related to the R&D, etc. The operation module is composed by basic research, application research and experiment development. Through the operation module, it outputs scientific papers, technology patents, new products, new materials, new crafts, other agricultural scientific and technological fruits and some indirect incomes. These scientific and technological fruits enter into the extension service subsystem to be extended, and the relevant information also feeds back to other subsystems. The function, effect, value and expectation disparity of this subsystem will feed back to the operation decision-making or input module, which become the policy-making basis next round operation. The main bodies of R&D subsystem are mostly agricultural scientific research organizations and education departments.The goal of the extension service subsystem is to transmit the agricultural scientific and technological fruits with potential production which output by R&D subsystem to the demand side. The factors that input by the subsystems in the input module include agricultural scientific and technological fruits, capital, facilities, information, potential technology users, laws and regulations related to extension service. The operation process of extension service includes communication, innovation proliferation, training, consultation and so on. In the end of the extension service process, the output result is that the demand side obtains knowledge, information, productive skill and the change of its idea and behavior, etc. After the outputs enter into the agricultural technology application subsystem, the other relevant information respectively feeds back to its subsystem and other subsystems. The main bodies of extension service subsystem are mostly agriculture extension and agency service organizations.The goal of the agricultural technology application subsystem is to realize the massive application of agricultural technology in the production. The factors that input by the subsystems include agricultural technology, capital, agricultural production organization system, laws and regulations related to the agricultural technology application. The process of operation is the process of agricultural production. The output result is the agricultural primary products with technology content, and the indirect output is the increase of human capital storage and the enhancement of quality of agricultural workers. The output primary products enter into the market subsystem, the other relevant information feeds back to its subsystem and other subsystems. The main bodies of agricultural technology application subsystem are mostly farmers and agricultural enterprises.The goal of the market subsystem is to deliver the primary products that output by the agricultural technology application subsystem to the market circulation, and take an industrialization management path. The factors that input by the subsystems include technology, agricultural primary products, laws and regulations related to the market economic development. After the process of circulation, the output result is to realize the value of agricultural products and obtain certain economic efficiency (or social, ecological efficiency). The output relevant information feeds back to its subsystem and other subsystems, which becomes the policy-making basis next round operation. The main body of market subsystem is mostly agricultural enterprises.Although the macro-control subsystem is a subsystem of the agricultural technology progress system, the government's macro-control acts on the whole process of the system, it is the fundamental guarantee for the agricultural technology progress system to operate orderly. Because many factors could influence the agricultural technology progress, therefore, the macro-control of agricultural technology progress must use multiple policy methods and adopt various macro-control modes.The environmental factors that influence the agricultural technology progress system include politics, economy, society, culture, education, population, resources, natural environment and international environment, etc.According to the operating rules of agricultural technology progress system and comparing to the oversea experience, the operation process in our agricultural technology progress system still has many function barriers. Only through adopting the corresponding measures to overcome these barriers to optimize the system, can achieve the goal of farmer income increase and agricultural development finally.