Research On "One Case One Meeting" Policy Of Financial Reward And Subsidy Of Rural Public Goods Supply

This study, based on a typical sample of Chongqing's practice, drawing on theories of public goods, public finance, public choice and institutional economics, and based on the normative definition of "One Case One Meeting" Policy of Financial Reward and Subsidy of rural public goods supply, conducts a case study on the policy, and examines the internal mechanism and impact of the policy in depth for better understanding the innovation direction of the policy so as to provide theoretical and decision-making basis for the study on policy of supply of rural public goods.I. Main Conclusions1."One Case One Meeting" Policy of Financial Reward and Subsidy has strong vitality and vigor:farmers, village organizations and the government possess demands of consistency and urgency. This is bound to promote faster changes of the system, of which the "One Case One Meeting" Policy of Financial Reward and Subsidy will be bred out. The policy defines the procedures and methods of supply with strong demand-oriented features. And its democratic elements surpass any other policies of rural public goods supply since the founding of People's Republic of China. This policy, which was summarized from practice, and was recognized by the "top-level design", namely the senior policymakers, once being introduced into practice, has shown its strong vitality and vigor. Its vitality is mainly reflected in the practice, and is fully proved in practice on optimized and sound base; its activity is mainly reflected in three areas:first, the policy activates the initiative and enthusiasm of the farmers' participation, and autonomy has been further strengthened; second, it activates cadres' initiatives and enthusiasm in village organizations and further releases creativities at the same time; third, it activates pertinence and rationality of the government supply. Effectiveness has been further improved.2."One Case One Meeting" Policy of Financial Reward and Subsidy has a significant impact:this policy, interacting with object and institutional environment, on one hand affects the direction of development of rural society while improving and maintaining people's livelihoods as a acting point and objectives; on the other hand, it affects the direction of changing governmental functions while strengthening and innovating the forms of social management as its key point and carrier format. Implementation of "One Case One Meeting" Policy of Financial Reward and Subsidy in the rural areas is beneficial to autonomous governing in village meeting and villagers'congress and to protect the rights of grassroots democracy so as to consolidate the political cornerstone of social development in rural areas; it's also helpful to promote the government's shift to a service-oriented one and to create a scientific way of social management to consolidate the cornerstone of management of social development in countries; it also plays a positive role in enhancing the adequacy and effectiveness of rural public goods supply and in promoting the rational allocation of resources to consolidate the economic cornerstone of the social development in rural areas.3."One Case One Meeting" Policy of Financial Reward and Subsidy requires innovation to improve the supply performance. In practice, the policy has shown a strong ability to adapt. But there are inherent flaws and obstacles in implementation. As the operating environment changes, the system must be continuously improved and innovated in order to achieve self-improvement and to maintain vitality. First, government, as the mainstay in carrying out the policy, should establish an integration of urban and rural public goods supply so that policy makers would, with non-discriminatory guiding ideology of urban and rural equality, generally balance supply of urban and rural public goods and narrow the gap between the urban and rural areas; the second is to reform the decision-making mechanism of the supply of public goods in rural areas so that farmers could become the decision-making body regarding the "One Case One Meeting" Policy of Financial Reward and Subsidy. Third, the "bottom-up" democratic expression mechanism and "top-down scientific decision-making mechanism will continue to coexist in a long run. But in advancing the process, a principle of "developing gradually, starting with less difficulty, treating differently" can be taken to explore the right mechanism of managing the award and subsidy autonomously by ensuring the funds are allocated to villages, so as to effectively improve the system of supply performance.4."One Case One Meeting" Policy of Financial Reward and Subsidy can be applied to other areas of public goods supply:Although with the scope and level of limitations, its democratic management philosophy and operating mechanism can provide a reference for other institutional innovations of public goods supply. With the growing awareness of democracy, public concern on interests is also expanding in depth and breadth. The deepening reform has been known and accepted by more people. As the foremost public interest, supply of public goods, with attentions by all parties, its decision-making process, project operation, and performance evaluation have been or are being concerned in public view. So it is extremely urgent to ensure the adequacy structural balance of total demand and supply, and to strengthen or sound policy of "scientific democracy and legal decision-making; public publicity of transparent construction; objective and true professional evaluation" in the government supply of public goods.II. Policy RecommendationsComplementing the construction of the policy should follow basic principles below: First, shifting due rights to lower administrations and supervising property and rights; second, planning in advance and arranging orderly; third, strengthening supervision and improving performance. The specific policy recommendations include:1. Adhere to the key planning of the village-level organizations infrastructure in advance. Conforming to the "two-wheel" driven requirements of new rural construction and development of urbanization, the village planning should be brought into long-term planning in district, county, town in co-ordinate consideration with focuses on scientific methods and focal points to effectively addressing difficulties and neglected problems. It gives full play to the policy and the rational allocation of public resources in rural areas to integrate the project with scientific planning and to integrate the funds with reasonable projects,. After setting a reasonable long-term goal and highlighting the practicality of the planning achievements, the desired objectives would be achieved through orderly arrangement and accumulation2. Enhance the supply capacity of the primary governmental organizations for public goods. In accordance with the principle of unity of the rights and financial power, improve the autonomy of the primary government management and service functions by shifting financial powers down to grassroots and by ensuring considerable financial resources under the transfer payment system; with increase of transfer payments, strengthen the scale of funds of award and subsidy so as to improve the basic financial expenditure standard in the towns with financial difficulties; guarantee administration expenditure in village with stable revenue, standardized management and insurance system so that village organization better perform its function in accordance with the law.3. Enhance and innovative people-oriented rural social management system. Further promote the organic combination of village rules and grassroots democracy to achieve integration of personal interests, village collective interests and national interests; further establish a people-oriented service philosophy in grass-roots cadres and the government so as to focus the management on providing services to put forth effort to address issues concerning farmers'fundamental interests the most; further optimize the structure of government investment, increased investment, and actively promote the equalization of urban and rural basic public services, and appropriate more financial, material and human resources effectively to rural and poor areas.4. Improve the mechanisms for diversified social participations into the supply of public goods:to guide social participation into the supply of public goods in rural areas, the first step is attract social groups and individuals to donate. Strengthen the Spiritual tie between village community and earlier well-off groups and encourage community groups and individuals actively involved in the construction of rural public goods by homeland bond; the second step is to take proprietorship to encourage property owners who are willing to assume social responsibility to solve common environmental problems of sewage, garbage, green, roads, small watershed, and locally contribute to green village, build roads and other infrastructures and to assist the construction of the poor village lacking of funds and materials; the third step is to carry out the cooperative system between the government and civil-profit organizations, to promote various forms of urban and rural infrastructures and a combination model. Carry out a variety of methods, such as"urban+rural","government+organization+village community","Government-led large enterprises help designated poverty-stricken areas", to solve the lack of construction funds.5. Optimize the coordinate decision-making mechanism of all parties of the Award and Subsidy Policy:Further standardize the working mechanisms of communication and coordination among relevant government departments to ensure the overall effectiveness of the combined policy so as to maintain a balance between rural demand and supply of public goods. First, simplify the project reporting process, to ensure demands are reported timely and effectively; second, vigorously promote standardizations of operation and procedure of award and subsidy works. The essential procedures could not be omitted while merging all other necessary procedures and canceling dispensable ones for reducing the pressure of grass-roots works; third, establish the autonomous decision-making mechanisms of the rural public service supply and expression mechanism for demand of rural public goods. Overcome the drawbacks of top-down decision-making and mandatory supply of rural public goods to solve structural imbalance of supply and demand and poor quality of public goods so that the supply of public goods and construction decisions are truly able to meet the demands preference of the majority of farmers.6. Strictly regulate the use and management of financial funds in village-level organizations:Establish the open system of village financial funds and increase linkage supervision. First, with the village fiscal escrow, computerized accounting and other means, strengthen the managing village fund and regulate the use of the program. At the same time, financial and agricultural economy departments in town-level governments have to fulfill functions of rural fiscal supervision and auditing and regulate business norms in village-level organizations to earmark a fund for its specified purpose only. Fully reflect all income and expenditures of public goods and grant funds; second, strengthen the democratic supervision of the masses, smooth channels for complaints; third, strengthen audit and supervision over township government, party committees and department of discipline inspection. Form a complete supervision system to improve the safety and efficacy of the use of funds.Ⅲ. Main Innovations1. Innovation in theory:This dissertation seizes the essential characteristics of an effective system——generality, certainty and openness, and based on internal mechanism of the "One Case One Meeting" Policy of Financial Reward and Subsidy, establishes a basic analytical framework of a rural public goods supply system.2. Innovation in practice:Based in Chongqing, the dissertation conducts a targeted analysis of the policy and proposes operable recommendations.3. Innovation in method:by analysis of typical cases, this dissertation reflects the vitality and vigor of the policy by revealing the main body of operation in the policy.