| Rape is important oil crops in China. Its cultivated area and production yield are in the top place among all oil crops, and has been occupied larger proportion in domestic oil supply. Rape sowing area and total output are about 30 percent of the world, respectively. Therefore China is the largest rape produce country. Rapeseed oil is the residents' traditional edible vegetable oil, whose raw material can mainly achieve domestic self-sufficient. However,70 percent raw material of soybean oil which has the largest portion of edible vegetable oil is from import. The current contradiction between domestic supply and demand in edible vegetable oil leads to oil industry external dependence improving gradually. So rapeseed production plays a pivotal role in the domestic oil supply. Rapeseed oil and raw material supply sufficient stability is the guarantee to ensure the safety of Chinese edible vegetable oil industry. Rape production status not only influences peasants'revenue and oil industry, but also closely linked with residents'welfare level, more about the country's development of economic and social. On the condition of the resource constraints the existing agricultural production, rape production technology is the core power of rape industry sustainable growth undoubtedly. It can not depart from powerful technical support to promote rape industry development, ensure domestic vegetable oilseed safety, and improve international competitiveness.Although China's rape production technology has developed fast since reform and opening, but in the actual production contribution of science and technology is not very high, new technology can hardly extend fast in the process of production. Current rape production technology still exist certain disparity compared with the developed countries. Some problems is to be solved at once such as rapeseed production yield is not high, the labor cost is larger to be. From research to widely application rape production technologies experience multiple sections and subjects. It's worth to discuss whether supply and demand is balance and mechanism is working or not.It's significant to promote rape industry development to have study on the existing problem and reasons, coordinating contradiction between technology supply and demand. Specifically, this paper mainly to solve the following questions:what factors influence the supply and demand balance of rape production technology; what conditions can achieve the equilibrium of supply and demand; what is the actual problem of both the technology supply side and the demand side, whether both sides reach the balance point of supply and demand in reality; how to promote the development of technology supply and demand, and make rape production technology help the production better. This paper analyzed the main research objects of every part by relevant econometric tools and statistical analysis tools, combining normative analysis and empirical analysis, applying related principles of western economics, agricultural economics, technology economics, public economics, information theory. This paper was divided into 8 chapters, which main contents and conclusions were as follows:The first part was the introduction, which mainly included background, significance, methods, frame, theoretical reviews, innovation and lack of this paper. It pointed out the significance of study on supply and demand of rape production technology. Then it indicated the thought organization, related methods and the frame. Through summarizing the domestic and foreign research it found that from the angle of research object, domestic and international study on supply and demand of agricultural technology was less. And it had rarely seen the research of technology demand and supply in specially industry. More related literature focused on a certain aspect of supply and demand of agricultural technology as agriculture technology innovation or application process.Chapter 2 defined the concept of rape production technology and indicated relevant theoretical basis. Firstly, this chapter defined the relative concept and category; secondly, it analyzed the different economic attribute of rape production technology; finally, it illustrated related particular concept with supply and demand of rape production technology.Chapter 3 started from the theoretical analysis, using theories and methods like principal-agent theory, game theory, supply and demand equilibrium theory analysis. It had researched theoretical equilibrium conditions and behaviour of rape production technology which belong to public goods, private goods and mix goods separately, based on the general analysis research. Through theoretical analysis, it showed that the public goods category rape production technology cannot achieve supply and demand balance form price mechanism, but need system institutional arrangements. Public category rape production technology suppliers'principal, agent, technical principal, agent had their own behave factors and achieved equilibrium conditions. When it came to private product rape production technology, pursuing utility maximization was technology basic power of supply side and demand side. Balance of supply and demand mainly subject to price and technology application cost, technology maturity degree and life cycle, the technical effect factors. Mix public category rape production technology had not entirely a non-competitive and non-exclusive characteristics.In order to meet the production technology of the social demand, it needed to give certain allowance to any side to achieve balance of supply and demand.Chapter 4 described the condition of production technology supply. This chapter first analyzed main subjects and patterns of rape production technology supply, and judged the advantages and disadvantages, combined with rape production technology development and trend through the investigation. What was more it analyzed the supply condition of rape production technology on the basis of national macro orientation condition. Then this paper had studied technology supply resource allocation situation which cause the condition, and made analysis and commentary on the adjustments of rape technology research system. Research analysis shows that:choosing rape production technology supply main subject should accord to production technology economics attributes; the main pattern of rape production technology supply was government agricultural technique extension. However, supply pattern of technology such as currently research institutes, processing enterprises and large farms ran better; Current rape production technology supply quality level is relative higher, but there had realistic problems like insufficient amounts, irrational supply structure; in recent years, research resource configuration also had insufficient total investment, unreasonable structure of technology and professional and lack of standard management.Establishment and running of rape industry technical system had adjusted the original scientific research system, based on the practical problems, focus on rebalancing resources allocation, and strengthen technology cooperation of all aspects.Chapter 5 analyzed the characters during 2002 to 2008 of rape production technology supply efficiency using DEA model in the input-output efficiency framework, based on macro and investigation data respectively. And on this basis disintegrate technology supply efficiency to pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency; On the other hand, it had made empirical analysis on influence factors of technology supply efficiency using DEA-Tobit two-step model. Results showed that the rape supply efficiency level was not high, but since 2002 presented rise trend. Pure technical efficiency was the main reason to lead to existing rape technology supply efficiency, and the improvement of scale efficiency tended to cause the supply efficiency improving. Domestic economic development level, the national scientific research investment and technology market turnover of rape technology supply efficiency were produced significant positive impact. Results showed that the rape supply efficiency level was not high, but since 2002 presented rise trend. Pure technical efficiency was the main reason to lead to existing rape technology supply efficiency, and the improvement of scale efficiency tended to cause the supply efficiency improving. Domestic economic development level, the national scientific research investment and technology market turnover of rape technology supply efficiency were produced significant positive impact.Investigation on the supply subjects of typical rape technology found that:technical supply efficiency of typical research institutions which undertaked major research projects failed to achieve 100% effective and resource allocation still had improve space and enhance the scale efficiency could improve the future efficiency of research technology. The key was to continue to increase R&D project investment and adjustment configuration structure of each element.36.4 percent of all technology research projects had completely effective; it also had close to 30 percent of projects efficiency was lowly, which caused mainly by scale efficiency.Chapter 6 analyzed typical technology demanders'(rural households) technical need characteristics and problem at each step of rapeseed production at first, which based on a nationwide survey of 600 households; then designed questionary onrural households of Yangtze River and collected 1638 questionaries.Through comparing the similarities and differences of rural households'rape production technology need characteristics in upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of Yangtze River, results showed that the rural households there were clear production technology needs intend in different step of rape produce. Rural households had greater demand of mechanical technical and new agricultural production tools before planting, and paid attention to output and resistances in the step of choose seeds, and pests and disease management technology were the most need in the production process. Through to compare the technical need characteristics of rural households in middle reaches and lower reaches of Yangtze River, the results indicated that there were some differences in the technical information need order of rural households in different area. Rural households in upper reaches and middle reaches of Yangtze River selected fine variety information preferential, while rural households in lower reaches of Yangtze River were inclined to choose the pests and disease management technology. Rural households in Yangtze River basin get more technical information from agro-technique extension department, while get less technical information from other agricultural associations. Rural households in upper reaches and middle reaches of Yangtze River were inclined to live demonstration in the process of technology transfer, while rural households in lower reaches of Yangtze River inclined to "technically training". In the step of seeds selected, rural households in upper reaches of Yangtze River paid more attention to quality of varieties, while rural households in middle reaches of Yangtze River wanted to obtain the technology which can save labor, and rural households in lower reaches of Yangtze River paid more attention to the cost of new varieties selected.Chapter 7 analyzed the rural households'behavior of different types technical selected and discussed the way of different factors that influenced rural households' technology selected, then took the labor saving technique as an example, analyzed the impact of rural households'behaviors of part-time farming to the transfer of labor saving technique. The results indicated that culture degree of rural households there was positive role to the transfer of labor saving technique. Rural households in middle reaches of Yangtze River were inclined to high yield cultivation technique; it's different from the rural households in other area. The empirical analysis result showed that the relationship of concurrent-business degree of rural households and labor saving technique adopt probability showed as a "bell-shaped" curve. Part-time rural households adopt labor saving technique probability became higher while the proportion of non-agricultural income became higher, but it didn't reflect in agricultural professional rural households and non-agricultural professional rural households. These conclusions verified the hypothesis that concurrent-business degree of rural households had positive influence to labor saving technique adopt.Chapter 8 put forward proposals for optimize the equilibrium of rape production technical supply and demand on the basis of summarize the above analysis conclusion. The main conclusions of this paper as follows:the supply and demand of three types of rape production technical were affected by rural households'different behavior factors; supply and demand of rape production technology was unbalanced in China. Rural households had specific technology demand during every stage of rape production, but there were some difference between different regions. Education and rural households' behaviors of part-time farming contributes to the transfer of labor saving technique. The main proposal of this paper as follows:combine the rape technology r&d resources, promote rape production technology progress; Perfect rape technology service system, improving the efficiency of rape production technology supply; Pay more attention to farmers'education training, improve the importance degree of organization;Promote industrialization of rape, strengthen rape production technology supply which by enterprise. |
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