Study On Adaptivity And Optimization Of Web-based Teaching Based On Ontology Theory

The basic idea and requirement of Adaptive Teaching is: to respect for individual differences of students and analyze their individual abilities and learning characteristics, and so as to dynamically organize and present learning content suitable for them, to adopt variable teaching strategies in different specific teaching situation, and etc.Adaptive Teaching can actively promote teaching quality. But for various objective and subjective reasons, our teachers (especially in colleges) generally feel there are too many tasks to afford plenty of time to identify the characteristics of student. Under such circumstance, it is an urgent problem to help teachers to clearly identify individual differences of students and to make use of system tools to adjust, guide and monitor students'learning process accordingly.On the other hand, the vigorous development of modern information technology has made web-based teaching become an important way to acquire knowledge. The research and practice of network teaching has provided excellent conditions for a leap-forward development of Chinese modern education. As a completely new way of teaching, it can offer good education opportunities to more learners. It is strategic initiatives to run macro-education under the conditions of shortage of resources in education, an important means of a life-long learning system for the 21st century, an effective way to achieve equality of educational opportunity, and a necessary choice to educate and train high-quality personnel for the future information society. So far, web-based teaching has gradually become an essential of traditional classroom teaching aids. And so the adaptability of web-based teaching has become the focus and difficulty of related research work.Although the research work from home and abroad in all aspects (eg: the construction mechanism of students model and resource model, adaptive mechanisms, agents and Web services technolog, etc.) try to resolve the adaptability of network teaching, but the core of problem is still very prominent:(1) For the ability to identify learners is still very weak, it is hard to clearly identify the individual characteristics of students and clearly identify the individual differences among students.For the ability to identify the learning resource is still very weak, it is hard to clearly identify the nature of learning resources and to have a clear distinction between the similarities and differences between resources.(3) Being subject to the above two ability, the formation of the adaptive mechanism is rigid, and is not flexible enough to establish an adaptation relationship between learning resources and students.(4) Although agent technology has been applied (combined with Web services technology), there is still some trouble because of data of web-based teaching are human-oriented rather than machine-oriented, i.e. these information can be understood by human, but not by agents, which weakens agent's automated data processing capability and so agnets can not provide strong protection for the adaptability of web-based teaching.This paper argues that to address the adaptability of Curriculum Support Web-based Teaching System needs to ensure the semantic of each element through which these elements will be understandable and processable not only by humans but also by machines. And that can promote interaction and collaboration among humans and machines, and between humans and machines. So advanced intelligent applications can be set up, such as data mining, automatic inference, self-learning and self-organization, etc.To this end, based on the ontology theory, this paper focuses on the adaptivity of web-based teaching from the following aspects:(1) Course Ontology and student ontologyFor students and curriculum resources are the cornerstone of web-based teaching, the extent of success of corresponding construction of course ontology and student ontology determines the recognition capability of intelligent agents (machines) for students and curriculum resources. The existing related research work is very vague, so this paper presents a program for building course ontology and student ontology.(2) Ontology-based disambiguation of multi-agent communication mechanismMulti-agent technology is increasingly becoming one dependent technology of web-based teaching, which can ensure its adaptivity. The collaboration between the multi-agents is based on multi-agent communication, but the existing multi-agent communication mechanism has ambiguity, so different agency may have different "understanding" of the same instructions or data, which reduces the inter-agency communications capabilities. To this end, this paper presents an ontology-based sematic disambiguation method for multi-agent communication mechanism(3) Ontology-based Web services'inference Web services have gradually become a support technology for agent technology, and Web services's inference problem is a key to Web service discovery, invocation and integration. On the other hand, to apply the ontology technology in Web services has emerged as the future direction, so this paper describes an ontology-based Web services's inference method.(4) Dynamic Learning Resources Organization Optimization ProgramDynamic learning resources organization means to dynamically organize and present the best contents to meet student learning, according to the results of the diagnosis, as well as students learning history. For some of the existing research findings are either too simple to achieve the purpose, or too complicated to realize, this paper presents a Dynamic Learning Resources Organization Optimization Program.