Research On Electrocardiograph Monitoring Network Based On ZigBee Wireless Sensor Technology

As the development of society and economy, People pay more and more attention to their health. It is very important to prevent and treat heart disease, since it becomes the disease with highest mortality rate. The Electrocardiograph Monitoring System has become one of important means for curing the heart disease. And with the development of wireless technology and sensor technology, one kind of transportable new electrocardiograph monitoring network is established. Instead of the traditional electrocardiograph monitoring system, the new monitoring network will bring new idea in the electrocardiograph monitoring domain, which greatly meets the development trend of current measurement technology and the wireless instruments technology. Electrocardiograph monitoring network has combined many small multi-independent monitoring systems together and has become a great electrocardiograph monitoring system for hospital or community. In the monitoring system, many functions are realized such as data acquisition, data analysis, data management of ECG and so on. Meanwhile, the patient can walk freely in the electrocardiograph monitoring network, and they don't need to stay long time in bed. Therefore the data's monitor of the ECG is more accurate, which provided the reliable basic for clinical experiment in the Heart disease's treatment.ZigBee technology is a new wireless sensor technology with short distance, lower power consumption, lower complexity, lower data rate and lower cost. Mainly based on the IEEE802.15.4 wireless standard, the technology will realize communication through mutually coordination between thousands of small sensors. The efficiency of wireless communication is so high that as long as the small sensors obtain a little energy, the sensors can then transfer the data from one sensor to another through radio wave continuously. ZigBee technology has many advantages such as easy protocol, low cost, various functions and easy establishment of network, which has gain great market share in so many fields including intelligent furnishings, automatic building, industry monitor and medical examination. Therefore the research of ZigBee becomes the foundation of electrocardiograph monitor network.With the development of Wireless communication technology and Electronic technology, the sensor manufacture technology which has lower power consumption, low cost and various functions grows rapidly. The sensor nodes with sensing unit, data processing unit and communication module compose the wireless sensor network through mutual cooperation. The wireless sensor network is the most new information acquisition and processing technology. It has combined the wireless communication technology, the sensor technology, distributional information processing and management technology and the micro mechanical and electrical technology. And it has great advantages when compared with other technologies such as quickly deploying, easily building network, no need for fixed equipment support and no restriction of wired network. Wireless sensor network technology has become the hot topic in the current computer domain, and it has great applications in many fields such as military, environmental monitor, medical field and so on. The electrocardiograph monitoring network has the mobility, and the patients will have more activity space in hospital, so it is necessary to do the localization track for the patients' position information.In the wireless sensor network, location information is very important for the monitoring activity. The main basic function of the sensor network is to confirm the event position and to obtain the message's node position. In the wireless sensor network, node localization means using the minority node of known position to determine its own position according to some kind of localization mechanism. After the sensor node obtains its own correct positional information, it can then confirm the monitoring event position. Therefore the node localization technology has become one of the main support technologies in wireless sensor network, which has great academic significance and application value in increasing the performance and practicability of sensor network technology. Moreover, the node localization problem has also become the key problem which must be solved in the research of electrocardiograph monitoring network.Since the Electrocardiograph monitoring has very strict criterion of the system power and anti-jamming performance, and since the ZigBee technology has low power consumption, low complexity and high anti-jamming ability, the paper selects the wireless sensor network based on ZigBee to build the electrocardiograph monitoring network in hospital.In order to realize the goal of mobile monitoring in the monitoring network, Doctors needs to track the patients' location information and to treat the patients in the scene as soon as possible. To solve the location problem of unknown terminal node, a new goal-node localization algorithm based on electrocardiograph monitoring network is proposed. And then a target location system is built to test the application effectiveness and feasibility of the goal-node localization algorithm. The details are as follows:(1) To overcome the problem of high energy consumption and low reliability in the current monitoring system of the electrocardiograph, a new model of the electrocardiograph monitoring system is designed according to the ZigBee technology which was based on the basic theories of the wireless sensor network based on ZigBee. This paper has analyzed the principle of system working and the monitoring network, proposes the design of the network structure and the model of the main function devices, and simultaneously describes the detailed working process and data transmission mode of the devices. Electrocardiograph monitoring network is the foundation for the following chapters' research, which achieves the goal of the mobile monitoring in the hospital scope. The monitoring network applies the short distance communication technology based on ZigBee into the electrocardiograph domain, and the model of electrocardiograph monitoring network is proposed which opens new research way of the electrocardiograph monitoring. Moreover, the model has the abilities of low power consumption and high anti-jamming performance, which has great value for other wireless network application.(2) To obtain the effective location information of the patients in the electrocardiograph monitoring network and to solve the location track problem of the patients, based on the basic theories of node location in the wireless sensor network, a new Node Localization Method is proposed by making use of TDOA technology and Bounding box algorithm. The algorithm combines the ultrasonic-radio ranging method and wireless technology together, and effective distance measurement between terminal and router was realized. And terminal coordinate is calculated by Bounding box algorithm. The simulation experiment about the localization algorithm was also taken and the result indicates: the counting error in the computation of Bounding box algorithm can be ignored and higher precious localization goal can be achieved based on the more precious veracity between the router node and the terminal node. The localization algorithm effectively solves the problem of target node in electrocardiograph monitoring network and also meets localization request of the low power consumption, low complexity and high precision. Moreover, the simulation experiment fully proves that this algorithm is feasible and effective in the location application of the electrocardiograph monitoring network. Therefore, this algorithm has become one more new solution of localization problem in wireless sensor network.(3) To test the feasibility and validity of the node localization algorithm, based on the electrocardiograph monitoring network, one kind of Localization system for electrocardiograph monitoring network is designed using ultrasonic radio and wireless positioning technology. The paper has deeply analyzed the various functions of the location system, described the principle of work, designed the project of hardware platform and the software platform with the major function device and described detailed work process of the devices in the location system. And test experiment of prototype machine was taken and the result indicates that: this location system meets the localization request of the low power consumption, the low complexity, and the high precision and it has good practical significance. Above all, the localization technology is feasible and effective in the ZigBee electrocardiograph monitoring network.