Study On Detection Techniques Of Tracking And Guiding Radars In Ballistic Missile Defense

Ballistic missiles and relative technologies are now being developing and proliferating throughout the world. At the same time, ballistic missile defense (BMD) technologies and programs are being researched and deployed in Western developed countries. Both of them are forcing our country to be facing double threats both of the ballistic missile penetration and defense, which make it an urgent requirement for us to research and develope our own technologies of BMD. The tracking and guiding radar is the key sensor of the BMD program. Among its processes, target detection is the precondition and basis of all the others such as tracking, imaging, recognition and so on. Deeply researching on the target detection technologies of the tracking and guiding radar can provide not only the technology support for the development of our BMD program, but the reference for the improvement of our ballistic missile penetrating capability. Therefor, it is an advanced problem with momentous martial values and practical significance, and required to be solved urgently.Taking the ground based tracking and guiding radar as the research object, its key technologies concerning target searching and detecting are investigated, such as warning information statistical characteristics, search region, optimal search stragety, target detection and parameter estimation and so on, which are closely tied with the requirements of our own technologies development on ballistic missile penetration and defense. The modeling and simulation technology of ballistic missile penetration and defense program is also researched here, together with the construction of the relative distributed simulation system, which will support the research above with favorable platform when short of actual equipments.Cuing information is the precondition and basis of target detection of the tracking and guiding radar in BMD program. The quality and cuing stragety of the cuing information has a crucial impact on the radar's detection performance. So first of all, according to the requirement of the detection of the tracking and guiding radar, the composition of the cuing information is analysized. And then, considering the detection performance of the tracking and guiding radar, the cuing time and cuing manner under different conditions is researched. Finally, the error's statistical characteristic of the cuing information, which is mainly from the space-based warning satellites and the ground-based warning radars, is analyzed especially. Through the order from measure error, to estimation error, to prediction error, the producing and transmitting of the error is generally derived. Based on the derivation above, three error distribution models are put forward and the parameter calculation methods are also given. These methods are important supports for the following research of the radar optimal search with definitive reference.Optimal search strategy is the key algorithm of the target detection of the tracking and guiding radar under the condition of cuing information. The high-speed movement is the most marked character of the target, and it makes the traditional search strategy cannot satisfy the application. According to this problem, a series of search strategies have been optimized using the rule of average detection time minimization. First, the optimal orientation of the radar antenna is analyzed for multi-targets, which minimizes the average detection time of them. And then, the optimal searching region and its updating period is studied, which makes the radar capable of covering the target with consecutively high probability using minimal radar resources. Finally, the radar searching order is optimized using two different models, one for high precision of velocity prediction, called data rate based model, and the other for low precision of velocity prediction, called probability trajectory based model. Those two models make the optimal search match with the target's high-speed movement, which improve the radar's search performance.Although target detection and parameter estimation belong to a rather mature field, the particularity of the tracking and guiding radar detection does bring new requirements to it, under the background of BMD. According to the characteristic of the reduced RCS of the warheads today, the design of false alarm probability during radar detection is optimized based on the consumption of radar resources, which minimizes the detection time of the target when the consumption of radar resources is fixed. To solve the problem of fast target capture with the high range-Doppler coupling of the linear frequency modulate pulse used by long distance phased array radars, an even-velocity model and an even-acceleration model are proposed to precisely estimate the radial velocity of the target before the construction of track filter, using the range information brought by the coupling. Finally, since the multiple targets may be dense in space, two algorithms are brought forward to detect the presence of multiple unresolved targets, using the rang glint of dense multiple targets and the phase characteristic of the main lob of the pulse compress output of LFM signal.The research of the tracking and guiding radar's detection technology in BMD program can hardly be complished without testing and validating platform. For this problem, when short of actual equipments, simulation becomes the only effective way. Therefore, in the last part of this dissertation, the modeling and simulation technologies of ballistic missile penetration and defense are studied, and the advanced distributed simulation protocol—High Level Archtechture (HLA) is applied to the simulation, which is applicable to large complicated system simulaton. By research on the three main aspects such as system configuration, key mathematical models and time management—the core of the distributed simulation, the distributed simulation platform of ballistic missile penetration and defense is constructed. At last, a classic ballistic missile penetration and defense distributed simulation system is introduced, which is exploited together with others.The last part summarizes the whole dissertation, points out the major creativeness, and especially brings out some suggestion for future work.